{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T23:06:38Z","timestamp":1773183998810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62101071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62101071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Zhuhai City","award":["ZH0405190001PWC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZH0405190001PWC"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210101099JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210101099JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the previous study, there were a few direct star identification (star-ID) algorithms for smearing star image. An end-to-end star-ID algorithm is proposed in this article, to directly identify the smearing image from star sensors with fast attitude maneuvering. Combined with convolutional neural networks and the self-attention mechanism of transformer encoder, the algorithm can effectively classify the smearing image and identify the star. Through feature extraction and position encoding, neural networks learn the position of stars to generate semantic information and realize the end-to-end identification for the smearing star image. The algorithm can also solve the problem of low identification rate due to smearing of long exposure time for images. A dataset of dynamic stars is analyzed and constructed based on multiple angular velocities. Experiment results show that, compared with representative algorithms, the identification rate of the proposed algorithm is improved at high angular velocities. When the three-axis angular velocity is 10\u00b0\/s, the rate is still 60.4%. At the same time, the proposed algorithm has good robustness to position noise and magnitude noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13224541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:04:46Z","timestamp":1636671886000},"page":"4541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["An End-to-End Identification Algorithm for Smearing Star Image"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jinliang","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xiubin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2707-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongqiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Chunlei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Zhuhai Orbita Aerospace Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2002.1008988","article-title":"Accuracy performance of star trackers-a tutorial","volume":"38","author":"Liebe","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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