{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:51:24Z","timestamp":1767981084434,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G41805016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G41805016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the case of super typhoon Lekima, which landed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province on 4 August 2019, is numerically simulated. Based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the sensitivity experiments are carried out with different combinations of physical parameterization schemes. The results show that microphysical schemes have obvious impacts on the simulation of the typhoon\u2019s track, while the intensity of the simulated typhoon is more sensitive to surface physical schemes. Based on the results of the typhoon\u2019s track and intensity simulation, one parameterization scheme was further selected to provide the background field for the following data assimilation experiments. Using the three-dimensional variational (3DVar) data assimilation method, the Microwave Humidity Sounder-2 (MWHS-2) radiance data onboard the Fengyun-3D satellite (FY-3D) were assimilated for this case. It was found that the assimilation of the FY-3D MWHS-2 radiance data was able to optimize the initial field of the numerical model in terms of the model variables, especially for the humidity. Finally, by the inspection of the typhoon\u2019s track and intensity forecast, it was found that the assimilation of FY-3D MWHS-2 radiance data improved the skill of the prediction for both the typhoon\u2019s track and intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13224556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T20:51:53Z","timestamp":1636923113000},"page":"4556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of the Simulation of Typhoon Lekima (2019) Based on Different Physical Parameterization Schemes and FY-3D Satellite\u2019s MWHS-2 Data Assimilation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110000, China"}]},{"given":"Xuewei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 210041, China"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110000, China"}]},{"given":"Aiqing","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225, China"},{"name":"The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110000, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 210041, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing 210041, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2012.08.015","article-title":"Cloud-scale simulation study of Typhoon Hagupit (2008) part I: Microphysical processes of the inner core and three-dimensional structure of the latent heat budget","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. 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