{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:09:33Z","timestamp":1774613373608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2019QZKK0902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0902"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi","award":["2021JC-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JC-40"]}]},{"name":"International Science &amp; Technology Cooperation Program of China","award":["2018YFE0100100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFE0100100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Landslide processes are a consequence of the interactions between their triggers and the surrounding environment. Understanding the differences in landslide movement processes and characteristics can provide new insights for landslide prevention and mitigation. Three adjacent landslides characterized by different movement processes were triggered from August to September in 2018 in Hualong County, China. A combination of surface and subsurface characteristics illustrated that Xiongwa (XW) landslides 1 and 2 have deformed several times and exhibit significant heterogeneity, whereas the Xiashitang (XST) landslide is a typical retrogressive landslide, and its material has moved downslope along a shear surface. Time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Differential InSAR (DInSAR) techniques were used to detect the displacement processes of these three landslides. The pre-failure displacement signals of a slow-moving landslide (the XST landslide) can be clearly revealed by using time-series InSAR. However, these sudden landslides, which are a typical catastrophic natural hazard across the globe, are easily ignored by time-series InSAR. We confirmed that effective antecedent precipitation played an important role in the three landslides\u2019 occurrence. The deformation of an existing landslide itself can also trigger new adjacent landslides in this study. These findings indicate that landslide early warnings are still a challenge since landslide processes and mechanisms are complicated. We need to learn to live with natural disasters, and more relevant detection and field investigations should be conducted for landslide risk mitigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13224579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T20:51:53Z","timestamp":1636923113000},"page":"4579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Landslide Characteristics and Evolution: What We Can Learn from Three Adjacent Landslides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0263-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Insitute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Yanqian","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Shuyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Hesheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2017.05.026","article-title":"Influence of topography and volume on mobility of loess slides within different slip 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