{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:13:51Z","timestamp":1777734831106,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFA0602701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFA0602701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Youth Top-Notch Talent Support Program","award":["2015-48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-48"]}]},{"name":"Fok Ying Tung Fok Education Foundation","award":["201548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201548"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Satellite-based models have tremendous potential for monitoring crop production because satellite data can provide temporally and spatially continuous crop growth information at large scale. This study used a satellite-based vegetation production model (i.e., eddy covariance light use efficiency, EC-LUE) to estimate national winter wheat gross primary production, and then combined this model with the harvest index (ratio of aboveground biomass to yield) to convert the estimated winter wheat production to yield. Specifically, considering the spatial differences of the harvest index, we used a cross-validation method to invert the harvest index of winter wheat among counties, municipalities and provinces. Using the field-surveyed and statistical yield data, we evaluated the model performance, and found the model could explain more than 50% of the spatial variations of the yield both in field-surveyed regions and most administrative units. Overall, the mean absolute percentage errors of the yield are less than 20% in most counties, municipalities and provinces, and the mean absolute percentage errors for the production of winter wheat at the national scale is 4.06%. This study demonstrates that a satellite-based model is an alternative method for crop yield estimation on a larger scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13224680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1637528450000},"page":"4680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A Satellite-Based Method for National Winter Wheat Yield Estimating in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0341-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources & Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaomin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics & Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Jinan 250013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3125-2310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6646","article-title":"International perspectives on food safety and regulations-a need for harmonized regulations: Perspectives in China","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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