{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:32:49Z","timestamp":1772753569537,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004431","name":"Fondation de France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-08602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-08602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Economie verte et du domaine \u2013 D\u00e9l\u00e9gation \u00e0 la recherche de Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise","award":["N3622 MED-EPHE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N3622 MED-EPHE"]}]},{"name":"Office Fran\u00e7ais de la Biodiversit\u00e9","award":["AFB\/2019\/385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFB\/2019\/385"]}]},{"name":"Office Fran\u00e7ais de la Biodiversit\u00e9","award":["OFB.20.0888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFB.20.0888"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-19-CE34-0006-Manini"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE34-0006-Manini"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-19-CE14-0010-SENSO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE14-0010-SENSO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coastal urbanisation is a widespread phenomenon throughout the world and is often linked to increased erosion. Small Pacific islands are not spared from this issue, which is of great importance in the context of climate change. The French Polynesian island of Bora Bora was used as a case study to investigate the historical evolution of its coastline classification and position from 1955 to 2019. A time series of very high-resolution aerial imagery was processed to highlight the changes of the island\u2019s coastline. The overall length of natural shores, including beaches, decreased by 46% from 1955 to 2019 while human-made shores such as seawalls increased by 476%, and as of 2019 represented 61% of the coastline. This evolution alters sedimentary processes: the time series of aerial images highlights increased erosion in the vicinity of seawalls and embankments, leading to the incremental need to construct additional walls. In addition, the gradual removal of natural shoreline types modifies landscapes and may negatively impact marine biodiversity. Through documenting coastal changes to Bora Bora over time, this study highlights the impacts of human-made structures on erosional processes and underscores the need for sustainable coastal management plans in French Polynesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13224692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1637528450000},"page":"4692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Spatiotemporal Trends of Bora Bora\u2019s Shoreline Classification and Movement Using High-Resolution Imagery from 1955 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Gairin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, EPHE-PSL University, CNRS LETG, 35800 Dinard, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie, \u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Kunigami District 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9559-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, EPHE-PSL University, CNRS LETG, 35800 Dinard, France"},{"name":"LabEx CORAIL, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-3458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doroth\u00e9e","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, EPHE-PSL University, CNRS LETG, 35800 Dinard, France"}]},{"given":"Tehani","family":"Maueau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association Ia Vai Ma Noa Bora-Bora, 98730 Bora-Bora, French Polynesia, France"}]},{"given":"Yoann","family":"Roncin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Cadastre-Topographie de la Direction des Affaires Fonci\u00e8res (DAF), 98713 Papeete, French Polynesia, France"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Lefort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Cadastre-Topographie de la Direction des Affaires Fonci\u00e8res (DAF), 98713 Papeete, French Polynesia, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7346-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Dolique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosyst\u00e8mes Aquatiques (BOREA), Universit\u00e9 des Antilles-MNHN-CNRS 8067-SU-IRD 207-UCN, 97275 Schoelcher, Martinique, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8853-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Jeanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESPACE-DEV, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Univ Antilles, Univ Guyane, Univ R\u00e9union, 34000 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement Lettres et Sciences Humaines, University Center of Mayotte CUFR, BP53 Dembeni, Mayotte, France"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lecchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LabEx CORAIL, 98729 Papetoai, French Polynesia, France"},{"name":"EPHE-PSL University, CRIOBE, BP 1013 Papetoai, French Polynesia, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2019.00260","article-title":"Coasts in Peril? 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