{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:34:08Z","timestamp":1760236448772,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFA0713501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0713501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11903064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11903064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the stability support fund project of national key laboratory","award":["2020SSFNKLSMT-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SSFNKLSMT-06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mapping function is crucial for the conversion of slant total electron content (TEC) to vertical TEC for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite-based observations. Instead of collapsing the ionosphere into one single shell in commonly used mapping models, we defined a new mapping function assuming the vertical ionospheric distribution as an exponential profiler with one simple parameter: the plasmaspheric scale height in the zenith direction of LEO satellites. The scale height obtained by an empirical model introduces spatial and temporal variances into the mapping function. The performance of the new method is compared with the mapping function F&amp;K by simulating experiments based on the global core plasma model (GCPM), and it is discussed along with the latitude, seasons, local time, as well as solar activity conditions and varying LEO orbit altitudes. The assessment indicates that the new mapping function has a comparable or better performance than the F&amp;K mapping model, especially on the TEC conversion of low elevation angles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:45:02Z","timestamp":1638323102000},"page":"4758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A New Mapping Function for Spaceborne TEC Conversion Based on the Plasmaspheric Scale Height"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Space Positioning and Navigation, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advance Research Institute, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology (BITTT), Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Junchen","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"given":"Xingyuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}]},{"given":"Yansong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (Xi\u2019an), Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaogong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory for Space Positioning and Navigation, Shanghai 200030, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL027557","article-title":"Estimates of the precision of GPS radio occultations from the COSMIC\/FORMOSAT-3 mission","volume":"34","author":"Schreiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. 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