{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:55:48Z","timestamp":1762005348050,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/35\/D\/HS4\/00697","2019\/33\/N\/HS4\/01733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/35\/D\/HS4\/00697","2019\/33\/N\/HS4\/01733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The problem of statutory restrictions of the freedom to conduct business activities is a subject addressed by many researchers. On the other hand, there is little research into the spatial aspect of this phenomenon and its impact on the quality of life of the inhabitants of urban centres in terms of their exclusion from one of the key motivations for travelling, namely shopping trips. The main purpose of the article is to determine the impact of the introduction of a statutory restriction on Sunday trading on sustainable urban development in terms of identifying areas excluded from free access to such services within a large urban settlement in Poland. Our studies on accessibility by car utilised data from ITS systems, the assumptions of the probabilistic Huff Model, and methods to determine market catchment areas. The data used in the study were based on the results of a questionnaire survey. The research procedure was conducted for eight scenarios that covered two periods (March 2019 and November 2020) on trading and non-trading Sundays. The conducted research shows that changes in the temporal accessibility of grocery shops in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a within the analysed periods are noticeable for trading and non-trading Sundays. In both cases, accessibility by private car is decidedly worse on non-trading Sundays. Transport exclusion from accessibility to grocery shops applies, in particular, to residents of peripheral areas of the city and is further compounded by the statutory Sunday retail restrictions implemented nationwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:45:02Z","timestamp":1638323102000},"page":"4804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatial Dimension of Transport Exclusion Related to Statutory Trade Restriction\u2014The Use of ITS Tools in Studies of Sustainable Urban Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2448-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Borowska-Stefa\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, 70-445 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7082-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, 70-445 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szymon","family":"Wi\u015bniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, 70-445 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Kurzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of the Built Environment and Spatial Policy, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, 70-445 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Handel i zakupy w niedziel\u0119 w opinii spo\u0142ecznej\u2013studium por\u00f3wnawcze (cz. 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