{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:01:38Z","timestamp":1780462898193,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yao Feng","award":["42001015, 2020M670432 and 2021T140657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001015, 2020M670432 and 2021T140657"]}]},{"name":"TingTing Wang","award":["42001031, 2018M640173 and 2020T130646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001031, 2018M640173 and 2020T130646"]}]},{"name":"Wenbin Liu","award":["2020RC004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC004"]}]},{"name":"Fubao Sun","award":["the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["the Top-Notch Young Talents Program of China"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is a critical variable in the global hydrological cycle. The TWS estimates derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) allow us to better understand water exchanges between the atmosphere, land surface, sea, and glaciers. However, missing historical (pre-2002) GRACE data limit their further application. In this study, we developed a random forest (RF) model to reconstruct the monthly terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) time series using Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and Climatic Research Unit (CRU) data for the Lancang-Mekong River basin. The results show that the RF-built TWSA time series agrees well with the GRACE TWSA time series for 2003\u20132014, showing that correlation coefficients (R) of 0.97 and 0.90 at the basin and grid scales, respectively, which demonstrates the reliability of the RF model. Furthermore, this method is used to reconstruct the historical TWSA time series for 1980\u20132002. Moreover, the discharge can be obtained by subtracting the evapotranspiration (ET) and RF-built terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) from the precipitation. The comparison between the discharge calculated from the water balance method and the observed discharge showed significant consistency, with a correlation coefficient of 0.89 for 2003\u20132014 but a slightly lower correlation coefficient (0.86) for 1980\u20132002. The methods and findings in this study can provide an effective means of reconstructing the TWSA and discharge time series in basins with sparse hydrological data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:45:02Z","timestamp":1638323102000},"page":"4831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Random Forest-Based Reconstruction and Application of the GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Estimates for the Lancang-Mekong River Basin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Senlin","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9569-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Akesu National Station of Observation and Research for Oasis Agro-Ecosystem, Akesu 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.124258","article-title":"Variations in terrestrial water storage in the Lancang-Mekong river basin from GRACE solutions and land surface model","volume":"580","author":"Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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