{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:19:21Z","timestamp":1771485561648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Czech Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-03295S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-03295S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LISA - Lidar measurements to Identify Streamers and analyze Atmospheric waves, AEO-LUS-INNOVATION","award":["Contract No. 4000133567\/20\/I-BG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No. 4000133567\/20\/I-BG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study analyses long-term trends in temperature and wind climatology based on ERA5 data. We study climatology and trends separately for every decade from 1980 to 2020 and their changes during this period. This study is focused on the pressure levels between 100\u20131 hPa, which essentially covers the whole stratosphere. We also analyze the impact of the sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). This helps us to find details of climatology and trend behavior in the stratosphere in connection to these phenomena. ERA5 is one of the newest reanalysis, which is widely used for the middle atmosphere. We identify the largest differences which occur between 1990\u20132000 and 2000\u20132010 in both temperature climatology and trends. We suggest that these differences could relate to the different occurrence frequency of SSWs in 1990\u20132000 versus 2000\u20132010.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"4923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Climatology and Long-Term Trends in the Stratospheric Temperature and Wind Using ERA5"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Kozubek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS, 14100 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"La\u0161tovi\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS, 14100 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1805-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radek","family":"Zajicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS, 14100 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Atmosperic Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8165","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-19-0998.1","article-title":"Observed Temperature Changes in the Troposphere and Stratosphere from 1979 to 2018","volume":"33","author":"Steiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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