{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T17:27:52Z","timestamp":1769275672631,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20180779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20180779"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Start-up Research Fund of Nanjing Forestry University High-level Talent Introduction","award":["CX2020084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2020084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of contemporary three-dimensional crustal deformations over the Tibetan Plateau. Considering that the coverage of continuous GNSS sites in the Tibetan Plateau is sparse, a newly designed method that mainly contains Spatial Structure Function (SSF) construction and Median Spatial Filtering (MSF) is adopted to conduct GNSS imaging of point-wise velocities, which can well reveal the spatial pattern of vertical crustal motions. The result illustrates that the Himalayan belt bordering Nepal appears significant uplift at the rates of ~3.5 mm\/yr, while the low-altitude regions of Nepal and Bhutan near the Tibetan Plateau are undergoing subsidence. The result suggests that the subduction of the Indian plate is the driving force of the uplift and subsidence in the Himalayan belt and its adjacent regions. Similarly, the thrusting of the Tarim Basin is the main factor of the slight uplift and subsidence in the Tianshan Mountains and Tarim Basin, respectively. In addition, we estimate the strain rate changes over the Tibetan Plateau using high-resolution GNSS horizontal velocities. The result indicates that the Himalayan belt and southeastern Tibetan Plateau have accumulated a large amount of strain rate due to the Indian-Eurasian plate collision and blockage of the South China block, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"4937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["GNSS Imaging of Strain Rate Changes and Vertical Crustal Motions over the Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-8312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3166-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(96)00201-4","article-title":"Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia: A review of stratigraphic data","volume":"145","author":"Rowley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Earth Planet. 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