{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:36:51Z","timestamp":1760236611975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M663633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M663633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 4D TBD approach is developed here for closely weak extended target tracking and overcoming heterogeneous clutter background and various clutter regions. The 4D measurements in this work are the points containing three positional information in spatial space and corresponding timestamp. The proposed method is mainly designed to address two issues. The first one is the dilemma between the weak target detection and difficult computation originating from the high dimensions of measurement. The second issue is the suppression of inhomogeneous background clutter and various clutter regions. The extension experiment using synthetic data showcases that no false alarm track would be built in the clutter regions, and the detection rate of close targets exceeds 94%. The experiments using real 3D radar also prove that the method works well in tracking closely maneuvering extended targets even if a clutter region exists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"4942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Novel 4D Track-before-Detect Approach for Weak Targets Detection in Clutter Regions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"},{"name":"National, Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications, University of Bologna, 47023 Cesena, Italy"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}]},{"given":"Luping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1604-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}]},{"given":"Hongmin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jevtic, M., Markovic, K., Mikluc, D., Misic, B., and Pajic, T.T. 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