{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:57:24Z","timestamp":1777366644440,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inclusion of technological innovation and the development of remote sensing tools in wine production are an efficient and productive factor that supports the production and improves the quality of the wine produced. In this study we explored models based on Sentinel-2 image bands and spectral indices to estimate key wine quality variables, such as phenols (TP), anthocyanins (TA) and color intensity (CI), providing different sensory characteristics of wine. Two Cabernet Sauvignon wine harvest seasons were studied, 2017 and 2018, and models with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 60% were obtained for color intensity and total anthocyanins during the first season, both in a period very close to harvest during the first days of April, so the high periodicity of Sentinel 2 becomes strategic. In addition, homogeneous sectors can be identified in the plots for selective harvesting and thus the winery space can be programmed appropriately. These results suggest further work on the number of samples in order to transform it into a useful tool with the potential to define a differentiated harvest and estimate the accumulation of phenolic compounds and the intensity of wine color, key elements in the final quality of the wine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13234951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T22:18:42Z","timestamp":1638829122000},"page":"4951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modeling Phenols, Anthocyanins and Color Intensity of Wine Using Pre-Harvest Sentinel-2 Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0139-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra N.","family":"Fredes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoEnvironmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"},{"name":"H\u00e9mera Centro de Observaci\u00f3n de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis \u00c1.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoEnvironmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Recio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoEnvironmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWR.S69405","article-title":"Technology in precision viticulture: A state of the art review","volume":"7","author":"Matese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"503","article-title":"Factors of competitiveness in the wine industry: An analysis of innovation strategy","volume":"78","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2003.10.017","article-title":"Taste and mouth-feel properties of different types of tannin-like polyphenolic compounds and anthocyanins in wine","volume":"513","author":"Vidal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2005.03.019","article-title":"Tracking color and pigment changes in anthocyanin products","volume":"16","author":"Wrolstad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoecklein, B.W., Fugelsang, K.C., Gump, B.H., and Nury, F.S. (1995). Phenolic Compounds and Wine Color. Wine Anal. Prod., 115\u2013151.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6978-4_7"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"107","article-title":"Grape and wine phenolics: Observations and recent findings","volume":"35","author":"Kennedy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cienc. Investig. Agrar."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740290810","article-title":"Red wine quality: Correlations between colour, aroma and flavour and pigment and other parameters of young Beaujolais","volume":"29","author":"Jackson","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"10","article-title":"Aplicaci\u00f3n del Sistema Cie-Lab a Los Vinos Tintos. Correlaci\u00f3n con Algunos Par\u00e1metros Tradicionales","volume":"3","author":"Casassa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Enol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5450","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2002188","article-title":"The Extraction of Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins from Grapes to Wine during Fermentative Maceration Is Affected by the Enological Technique","volume":"59","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aasci.2018.03.005","article-title":"The investigation of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins of wines made of the grape variety karmrahyut","volume":"16","author":"Gabrielyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Agrar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.09.043","article-title":"Chromatic characterisation of three consecutive vintages of Vitis vinifera red wine: Effect of dilution and iron addition","volume":"563","author":"Esparza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2021, November 20). Programa Territorial Integrado, Vinos de Chile 2010. Available online: http:\/\/static.elmercurio.cl\/Documentos\/Campo\/2012\/11\/19\/20121119153346.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Castro, A.L. (2005). Efecto del Momento de Cosecha de Uva cv. Merlot Cobre la Composicion Quimica y Sensorial de los Vinos en el Valle del Maipo, Universidad de Chile."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"33","article-title":"Agronomic classification between vineyards (\u2018Verdejo\u2019) using NDVI and Sen-tinel-2 and evaluation of their wines","volume":"58","author":"Rubio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vitis J. Grapevine Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(03)00082-7","article-title":"Characterising and mapping vineyard canopy using high-spatial-resolution aerial multispectral images","volume":"29","author":"Hall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5798","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0504770","article-title":"Influence of Vine Vigor on Grape (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Pinot Noir) and Wine Proanthocyanidins","volume":"53","author":"Cortell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1139\/juvs-2016-0024","article-title":"Monitoring vineyards with UAV and multi-sensors for the assessment of water stress and grape maturity","volume":"5","author":"Soubry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Unmanned Veh. Syst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredes, S., Ruiz, L., and Recio, J. (2021). Modeling\u00b0 Brix and pH in Wine Grapes from Satellite Images in Colchagua Valley, Chile. Agriculture, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11080697"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"47","article-title":"Protocolo para la Zonificaci\u00f3n Intraparcelaria de la Vi\u00f1a para Vendimia Selectiva a partir de Im\u00e1genes Multiespectrales","volume":"33","author":"Agelet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Teledetec."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(02)00106-0","article-title":"Mapping vineyard leaf area with multispectral satellite imagery","volume":"38","author":"Johnson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160903154382","article-title":"Very early prediction of wine yield based on satellite data from vegetation","volume":"31","author":"Cunha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2012102-370-11","article-title":"Analysis of vineyard differential management zones and relation to vine development, grape maturity and quality","volume":"10","author":"Ramos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, L., Gao, F., Anderson, M.C., Kustas, W.P., Alsina, M.M., Sanchez, L., Sams, B., McKee, L., Dulaney, W., and White, W.A. (2017). Daily Mapping of 30 m LAI and NDVI for Grape Yield Prediction in California Vineyards. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040317"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2004.tb00007.x","article-title":"Using remote sensing to predict grape phenolics and colour at harvest in a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard: Timing observations against vine phenology and optimising image resolution","volume":"10","author":"Lamb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1","article-title":"How terroir affects bunch uniformity, ripening and berry composition in Vitis vinifera cvs. Carignan and Grenache","volume":"47","author":"Nadal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Int. Sci. Vigne"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8468","article-title":"Characterization of phenolic composition in Carignan noir grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from six wine-growing sites in Maule Valley, Chile","volume":"98","author":"Gamboa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2009074-1092","article-title":"Review. Precision viticulture. Research topics, challenges and opportunities in site-specific vineyard management","volume":"7","author":"Casasnovas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-013-9342-5","article-title":"Oenological significance of vineyard management zones delineated using early grape sampling","volume":"15","author":"Urretavizcaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Precis. Agric."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Viticultura de Precisi\u00f3n Aplicada Al Vi\u00f1edo","volume":"2","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Enol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khaliq, A., Comba, L., Biglia, A., Ricauda Aimonino, D., Chiaberge, M., and Gay, P. (2019). Comparison of Satellite and UAV-Based Multispectral Imagery for Vineyard Variability Assessment. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11040436"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"17","article-title":"Estudio Comparativo del Contenido Fen\u00f3lico de Vinos Tintos Colombianos e Importados","volume":"15","author":"Duran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vitae"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Lima, L.J. (2015). Estudio De Caracterizaci\u00f3n De La Cadena De Producci\u00f3n Y Comercializaci\u00f3n De La Agroindustria Vitivin\u00edcola: Estructura, Agentes Y Pr\u00e1cticas. Of. Estud. Pol\u00edticas Agrar. Minist. Agric, 208. Available online: http:\/\/www.odepa.gob.cl."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Bramley, R. (1999). Precision Viticulture: Managing Vineyard Variability for Improved Quality Outcomes, Woodhead Publishing."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.1987.tb04318.x","article-title":"Gas exchange studies in two Portuguese grapevine cultivars","volume":"70","author":"Chaves","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, K. (2004). Chile vitivin\u00edcola en pocas palabras. Rev. Enol., Available online: http:\/\/www.acenologia.com\/ciencia69_01.htm."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2019.53.4.2558","article-title":"Multivariate characterisation of Italian monovarietal red wines using MIR spectroscopy","volume":"53","author":"Parpinello","year":"2019","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merkyt\u0117, V., Longo, E., Windisch, G., and Boselli, E. (2020). Phenolic Compounds as Markers of Wine Quality and Authenticity. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9121785"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Uribe, A., and Catalan, H. (2016). Caracterizaci\u00f3n Hidroclimatol\u00f3gica y del uso de suelo del Secano de la Regi\u00f3n de O\u2019higgins, Boletin INIA-Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Giraldo, C. (2017). Escenarios de la Vitivinicultura Chilena Generados por los Cambios en la Aptitud Productiva, como Consecuencia del Cambio Climatico para Mediados del siglo XX1, Univerisdad de Chile."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Pardo, J.A. (2016). Seguimiento Fenologico del Cultivo de Uva Isabela (Vitis sp.) en Fusagasuga Cundinamarca, Universidad de Cundinamarca."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2020.54.1.2557","article-title":"Comparing vineyard imagery acquired from Sentinel-2 and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform","volume":"54","author":"Sozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-017-1202-9","article-title":"Generality of relationships between leaf pigment contents and spectral vegetation indices in Mallorca (Spain)","volume":"17","author":"Hallik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00010-X","article-title":"Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages","volume":"81","author":"Sims","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.18172\/cig.2518","article-title":"Estimaci\u00f3n del contenido de agua a partir de mediciones hiperespectrales para cartograf\u00eda del riesgo de incendio","volume":"40","author":"Herrera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cuad. Investig. Geogr\u00e1fica"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, B.-C. (1996). NDWI a Normalized Difference Water Index for Remote Sensing of Vegetation Liquid Water from Space, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.210877"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7097","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.494641","article-title":"Estimating dry matter content from spectral reflectance for green leaves of different species","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.10.027","article-title":"Remote sensing of fuel moisture content from ratios of narrow-band vegetation water and dry-matter indices","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Escribano, J., and Tarquis, A. (2014, January 9\u201312). Comparaci\u00f3n del \u00cdndice de Vegetaci\u00f3n de Diferencia Normalizada obtenido a diferentes escalas en pastos de Dehesa. Proceedings of the 53\u00aa Reuni\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica de la SEEP, Madrid, Spain."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Opazo, R. (2017). Protocolo Fenoles Totales, Marchigue, Colchagua."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6575","DOI":"10.1021\/jf070195v","article-title":"Influence of Vine Vigor on Grape (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Pinot Noir) Anthocyanins. 1. Anthocyanin Concentration and Composition in Fruit","volume":"55","author":"Cortell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, A. (2021, November 20). Factores que Regulan el Color en Uvas Tintas. Available online: http:\/\/www.gie.uchile.cl\/pdf\/Alvaro%20Pe%F1a\/Color%20de%20las%20bayas.pdf.","DOI":"10.15359\/ru.35-2.21"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2009.05.001","article-title":"Burgundy red wines: Representation of potential for aging","volume":"20","author":"Valentin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Qual. Prefer."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.06.093","article-title":"Influence of the heterogeneity of grape phenolic maturity on wine composition and quality","volume":"124","author":"Kontoudakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183899","article-title":"Precision Agriculture and Food Security","volume":"327","author":"Gebbers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410802133845","article-title":"Anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols from grapes and wines of Vitis vinifera cv. Cesanese d\u2019Affile","volume":"22","author":"Mulinacci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.06.014","article-title":"Polyphenols, anthocyanins, and trans-resveratrol in red wines from the Hungarian Vill\u00e1ny region","volume":"98","author":"Avar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17021571","article-title":"Anthocyanins and Their Variation in Red Wines I. Monomeric Anthocyanins and Their Color Expression","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18711","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140918711","article-title":"Berry Phenolics of Grapevine under Challenging Environments","volume":"14","author":"Teixeira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2011.02.003","article-title":"Effect of water deficit on Merlot grape tannins and anthocyanins across four seasons","volume":"128","author":"Bucchetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7175","article-title":"Effect of irrigation regime on anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah grapes under semiarid conditions","volume":"96","author":"Kyraleou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2019.53.1.2366","article-title":"Anthocyanin content and composition in four red winegrape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) under variable irrigation","volume":"53","author":"Theodorou","year":"2019","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2012.06.018","article-title":"Impact of irrigation regime on berry development and flavonoids composition in Aragonez (Syn. Tempranillo) grapevine","volume":"114","author":"Zarrouk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2017.11.009","article-title":"Tempranillo clones differ in the response of berry sugar and anthocyanin accumulation to elevated temperature","volume":"267","author":"Arrizabalaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erm055","article-title":"Loss of anthocyanins in red-wine grape under high temperature","volume":"58","author":"Mori","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00171.x","article-title":"Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening","volume":"6","author":"Coombe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"359","article-title":"Antocianinas en uva (Vitis vinifera L.) y su relaci\u00f3n con el color","volume":"28","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Fitotec. Mex."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.05.001","article-title":"Climate change associated effects on grape and wine quality and production","volume":"43","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.11.021","article-title":"Assessment of grape yield and composition using the reflectance based Water Index in Mediterranean rainfed vineyards","volume":"118","author":"Serrano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wep.2014.08.001","article-title":"The impact of climate change on the global wine industry: Challenges & solutions","volume":"3","author":"Mozell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wine Econ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2014.07.039","article-title":"Changes in vineyard establishment and canopy management urged by earlier climate-related grape ripening: A review","volume":"178","author":"Palliotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/23\/4951\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:40:16Z","timestamp":1760168416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/23\/4951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13234951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13234951","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]}}}