{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T15:30:35Z","timestamp":1770564635132,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0504800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0504800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Dragon 4 ESA MOST Cooperation programme","award":["32426_1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32426_1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Robust calibration and validation (Cal and Val) should guarantee the accuracy of the retrieved information, make the remote sensing data consistent and traceable, and maintain the sensor performance during the operational phase. The DRAGON program has set up many remote sensing research topics on various application domains. In order to promote the effectiveness of data modeling and interpretation, it is necessary to solve various challenges in Cal and Val for quantitative RS applications. This project in the DRAGON 4 program aims to promote the cooperation of the Cal and Val experts from European and Chinese institutes in Cal and Val activities, and several achievements have been obtained in the advanced on-orbit optical sensor calibration, as well as microwave remote sensor calibration and product generation. The outcomes of the project have benefited the related remote sensing modeling and product retrieval, and promoted the radiometric calibration network (RadCalNet) as an international operational network for calibration, intercalibration, and validation. Moreover, this project provided local governments with a more accurate OMI NO2 data in China, which were used to study the air quality control during APEC period, Parade period and G20 period. This will be of ongoing be value for monitoring atmospheric environmental quality and formulating pollution control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13244996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:30:00Z","timestamp":1639006200000},"page":"4996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Calibration and Data Quality Assurance Technical Advancements for Quantitative Remote Sensing in the DRAGON 4 Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lingling","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Yongguang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Chuanrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Goryl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency (ESA\/ESRIN), Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6163-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jieying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Pucai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAGEO&CNRC, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Bouvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency (ESA\/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, PB 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-0320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaokai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Dils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Ringlaan 3 Avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Ka Lok","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Xinhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing Information Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2015.2485945","article-title":"Use of Allan Deviation for Characterizing Satellite Microwave Sounder Noise Equivalent Differential Temperature (NEDT)","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. 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