{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:33:19Z","timestamp":1775248399826,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"United States Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G19AC00074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G19AC00074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"United States Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G20AC00398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G20AC00398"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ecosystem performance approach, used in a previously published case study focusing on the Nebraska Sandhills, proved to minimize impacts of non-climatic factors (e.g., overgrazing, fire, pests) on the remotely-sensed signal of seasonal vegetation greenness resulting in a better attribution of its changes to climate variability. The current study validates the applicability of this approach for assessment of seasonal and interannual climate impacts on forage production in the western United States semi-arid grasslands. Using a piecewise regression tree model, we developed the Expected Ecosystem Performance (EEP), a proxy for annual forage production that reflects climatic influences while minimizing impacts of management and disturbances. The EEP model establishes relations between seasonal climate, site-specific growth potential, and long-term growth variability to capture changes in the growing season greenness measured via a time-integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) observed using a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The resulting 19 years of EEP were converted to expected biomass (EB, kg ha\u22121 year\u22121) using a newly-developed relation with the Soil Survey Geographic Database range production data (R2 = 0.7). Results were compared to ground-observed biomass datasets collected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and University of Nebraska-Lincoln (R2 = 0.67). This study illustrated that this approach is transferable to other semi-arid and arid grasslands and can be used for creating timely, post-season forage production assessments. When combined with seasonal climate predictions, it can provide within-season estimates of annual forage production that can serve as a basis for more informed adaptive decision making by livestock producers and land managers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T09:50:43Z","timestamp":1640080243000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Monitoring Climate Impacts on Annual Forage Production across U.S. Semi-Arid Grasslands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3121-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark\u00e9ta","family":"Pod\u011bbradsk\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 811 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"},{"name":"Global Change Research Institute CAS, B\u011blidla 986\/4b, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce K.","family":"Wylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, 47914 252nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9603-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Bathke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 811 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"},{"name":"National Drought Mitigation Center, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 811 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege Street, P.O. Box 830988, Lincoln, NE 68583-0988, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2367-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yared A.","family":"Bayissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9594-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devendra","family":"Dahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources and Observation Science Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Derner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX 76502, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5006-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 811 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}]},{"given":"Walter H.","family":"Schacht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy and Horticulture Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 202 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4487-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerry D.","family":"Volesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy and Horticulture Department, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 402 West State Farm Rd, North Platte, NE 69101, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7444-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK 73036, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4767-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian D.","family":"Wardlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 811 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 811 Hardin Hall, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, July 01). 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