{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:59:59Z","timestamp":1767772799789,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A6A1A03044834","2021R1A2C1004984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03044834","2021R1A2C1004984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated a new high-resolution solar reference spectrum for characterizing space-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) measurements as well as for retrieving ozone profile retrievals over the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range from 270 to 330 nm. The SAO2010 solar reference has been a standard for use in atmospheric trace gas retrievals, which is a composite of ground-based and balloon-based solar measurements from the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL), respectively. The new reference spectrum, called the TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum (HSRS), spans 202\u20132730 nm at a 0.01 to ~0.001 nm spectral resolution. The TSIS-1 HSRS in the UV region of interest in this study is a composite of AFGL and ground-based solar measurements from the Quality Assurance of Spectral Ultraviolet Measurements In Europe (QASUME) campaign, with a radiometric calibration that used the lower resolution Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument on the space-based Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) mission. The TSIS-1 HSRS radiometric uncertainties were below 1% whereas those of SAO2010 ranged from 5% in the longer UV part to 15% in the shorter UV part. In deriving slit functions and wavelength shifts from OMI solar irradiances, the resulting fitting residuals showed significant improvements of 0.5\u20130.7% (relatively, 20\u201350%) due to switching from the SAO2010 to the TSIS-1 HSRS. Correspondingly, in performing ozone profile retrievals from OMI radiances, the fitting residuals showed relative improvements of up to ~5% in 312\u2013330 nm with relative differences of 5\u20137% in the tropospheric layer column ozone; the impact on stratospheric ozone retrievals was negligible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T02:02:57Z","timestamp":1640224977000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Using a New High-Resolution Solar Reference Spectrum on OMI Ozone Profile Retrievals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juseon","family":"Bak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"},{"name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4338-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Odele","family":"Coddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2939-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Chance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), Center for Astrophysics|Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3943-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4898-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonbae","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-9534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2967-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheol-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-3677-2017","article-title":"Deriving the slit functions from OMI solar observations and its implications for ozone-profile retrieval","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, M., Ahn, M.H., Liu, X., Jeong, U., and Kim, J. (2020). Spectral calibration algorithm for the geostationary environment monitoring spectrometer (Gems). Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202007.0419.v1"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-4373-2017","article-title":"Characterization and correction of OMPS nadir mapper measurements for ozone profile retrievals","volume":"10","author":"Bak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-3777-2019","article-title":"Linearization of the effect of slit function changes for improving Ozone Monitoring Instrument ozone profile retrievals","volume":"12","author":"Bak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-809-2012","article-title":"Filling-in of near-infrared solar lines by terrestrial fluorescence and other geophysical effects: Simulations and space-based observations from SCIAMACHY and GOSAT","volume":"5","author":"Joiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Wagner, T., Chance, K., Gil, M., Goutail, F., Johnston, P.V., Kostadinov, I., Leser, H., Petritoli, A., Richter, A., and Van Roozendael, M. (2001, January 13\u201314). Correction of the Ring effect and I0-effect for DOAS observations of scattered sunlight. Proceedings of the 1st DOAS Workshop, Heidelberg, Germany."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-751-2015","article-title":"Characterization and verification of ACAM slit functions for trace-gas retrievals during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ flight campaign","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.45.002352","article-title":"Tropospheric ozone profiles from a ground-based ultraviolet spectrometer: A new retrieval method","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11207-008-9187-7","article-title":"The high-resolution solar reference spectrum between 250 and 550 nm and its application to measurements with the ozone monitoring instrument","volume":"249","author":"Dobber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2010.01.036","article-title":"An improved high-resolution solar reference spectrum for earth\u2019s atmosphere measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared","volume":"111","author":"Chance","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richard, E., Harber, D., Coddington, O., Drake, G., Rutkowski, J., Triplett, M., Pilewskie, P., and Woods, T. (2020). SI-traceable spectral irradiance radiometric characterization and absolute calibration of the TSIS-1 spectral irradiance monitor (SIM). Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12111818"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024048429145","article-title":"The solar spectral irradiance from 200 to 2400 nm as measured by the solspec spectrometer from the atlas and eureca missions","volume":"214","author":"Thuillier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12927","DOI":"10.1029\/91JD01111","article-title":"High-resolution solar spectrum between 2000 and 3100 \u00c5","volume":"96","author":"Hall","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020GL091709","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL091709","article-title":"The TSIS-1 Hybrid Solar Reference Spectrum","volume":"48","author":"Coddington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"17","article-title":"The solar spectrum: Atlases and line identifications","volume":"Volume 81","author":"Sauval","year":"1995","journal-title":"Laboratory and Astronomical High Resolution Spectra"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Kurucz, R.L. (2005, January 15\u201316). High Resolution Irradiance Spectrum from 300 to 1000 nm. Proceedings of the AFRL Transmission Meeting, Lexington, MA, USA. Available online: \"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/astro-ph\/0605029.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-3375-2017","article-title":"The high-resolution extraterrestrial solar spectrum (QASUMEFTS) determined from ground-based solar irradiance measurements","volume":"10","author":"Egli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Wilson, A. (2003, January 23\u201328). Solar Variability as an input to the Earth\u2019s Environment. Proceedings of the International Solar Cycle Studies (ISCS) Symposium, Tatransk\u00e1 Lomnica, Slovakia. ESA SP-535."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Toon, G.C. (2021, December 10). Solar Line List for GGG2014. TCCON Data Archive, Hosted by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14291\/tccon.ggg2014.solar.R0\/1221658."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-1879-2005","article-title":"The UV-A and visible solar irradiance spectrum: Inter-comparison of absolutely calibrated, spectrally medium resolution solar irradiance spectra from balloon- and satellite-borne measurements","volume":"5","author":"Gurlit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1113105","article-title":"The compact spectral irradiance monitor flight demonstration mission","volume":"11131","author":"Richard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.36.005224","article-title":"Ring effect studies: Rayleigh scattering, including molecular parameters for rotational Raman scattering, and the Fraunhofer spectrum","volume":"36","author":"Chance","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5699","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-5699-2018","article-title":"The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Overview of 14 years in space","volume":"18","author":"Levelt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-2521-2010","article-title":"Ozone profile retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD017096","article-title":"Characterization and correction of global ozone monitoring experiment 2 ultraviolet measurements and application to ozone profile retrievals","volume":"117","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008","article-title":"Tropospheric emissions: Monitoring of pollution (TEMPO)","volume":"186","author":"Zoogman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-3891-2014","article-title":"Glyoxal retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-19-2015","article-title":"Updated Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Ozone Monitoring Instrument (SAO OMI) formaldehyde retrieval","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5183","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-5183-2019","article-title":"Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Total Column Water Vapor version 4 validation and applications","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/1\/37\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:51:36Z","timestamp":1760169096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/1\/37"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14010037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14010037","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]}}}