{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:58:21Z","timestamp":1789671501063,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mountainous Yeongdong region of South Korea contains mountains over 1 km. Owing to this topographic blockage, the region has a low-density rain-gauge network, and there is a low-altitude (~1.5 km) observation gap with the nearest large S-band radar. The Korean government installed an X-band dual-polarization radar in 2019 to improve rainfall observations and to prevent hydrological disasters in the Yeongdong region. The present study analyzed rainfall estimates using the newly installed X-band radar to evaluate its hydrological applicability. The rainfall was estimated using a distributed specific differential phase-based technique for a high-resolution 75 m grid. Comparison of the rainfall estimates of the X-band radar and the existing rainfall information showed that the X-band radar was less likely to underestimate rainfall compared to the S-band radar. The accuracy was particularly high within a 10 km observation radius. To evaluate the hydrological applicability of X-band radar rainfall estimates, this study developed a rain-based flood forecasting method\u2014the flow nomograph\u2014for the Samcheok-osib stream, which is vulnerable to heavy rain and resultant floods. This graph represents the flood risk level determined by hydrological\u2013hydraulic modeling with various rainfall scenarios. Rainfall information (X-band radar, S-band radar, ground rain gauge) was applied as input to the flow nomograph to predict the flood level of the stream. Only the X-band radar could accurately predict the actual high-risk increase in the water level for all studied rainfall events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T21:40:21Z","timestamp":1640295621000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analyzing the Application of X-Band Radar for Improving Rainfall Observation and Flood Forecasting in Yeongdong, South Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6689-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Sim","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-Si 10223, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0545-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-Si 10223, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WMO (2021, March 16). 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