{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:08:20Z","timestamp":1772816900834,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams","award":["2019ZT08L213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZT08L213"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A030310538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030310538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515011483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>On 17 June 2020, a large ancient landslide over the Aniangzhai (ANZ) slope, Danba County, Sichuan Province, China, was reactivated by a series of multiple phenomena, including debris flow triggered by heavy rainfall and flooding. In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired by the Sentinel-1A\/B satellite and optical images captured by the PlanetScope satellites were jointly used to analyze and explore the deformation characteristics and the Spatial-Temporal evolution of the ANZ landslide before and after the multi-hazard chain. Several areas of pre-failure movements were found from the multi-temporal optical images analysis before the reactivation of the ANZ landslide. The large post-failure surface deformation over the ANZ slope was also retrieved by the optical pixel offset tracking (POT) technique. A major northwest movement with the maximum horizontal deformation of up to 14.4 m was found. A time-series InSAR technique was applied to analyze the descending and ascending Sentinel-1A\/B datasets spanning from March 2018 to July 2020, showing that the maximum magnitudes of the Line of Sight (LoS) displacement velocities were \u221270 mm\/year and 45 mm\/year, respectively. The Spatial-Temporal evolution over the ANZ landslide was analyzed based on the time-series results. No obvious change in acceleration (precursory deformation) was detected before the multi-hazard chain, while clear accelerated deformation can be observed over the slope after the event. This suggested that heavy rainfall was the most significant triggering factor for the generation and reactivation of the ANZ landslide. Other preparatory factors, including the deformation behavior, the undercutting and erosion of the river and the outburst flood, the local terrain conditions, and earthquakes, might also have played an important role in the generation and reactivation of the landslide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Displacement Characterization and Spatial-Temporal Evolution of the 2020 Aniangzhai Landslide in Danba County Using Time-Series InSAR and Multi-Temporal Optical Dataset"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1364-4174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianming","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Geoscience Earth Observing System Group (GEOS), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Hay-Man","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surveying Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Geoscience Earth Observing System Group (GEOS), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Earth Observing System Group (GEOS), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"A simple definition of a landslide","volume":"43","author":"Cruden","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull. 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