{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T02:24:05Z","timestamp":1774319045069,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41830648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41830648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31971507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41801095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41801095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4201101239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4201101239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province, China","award":["2020JQ-413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JQ-413"]}]},{"name":"Young Talent Fund of the University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["20210704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210704"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lake Qinghai has shrunk and then expanded over the past few decades. Quantifying the contributions of climate change and human activities to lake variation is important for water resource management and adaptation to climate change. In this study, we calculated the water volume change of Lake Qinghai, analyzed the climate and land use changes in Lake Qinghai catchment, and distinguished the contributions of climate change and local human activities to water volume change. The results showed that lake water volume decreased by 9.48 km3 from 1975 to 2004 and increased by 15.18 km3 from 2005 to 2020. The climate in Lake Qinghai catchment is becoming warmer and more pluvial, and the changes in land use have been minimal. Based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), land use change, climate change and interaction effect of them contributed to 7.46%, 93.13% and \u22120.59%, respectively, on the variation in surface runoff into the lake. From the perspective of the water balance, we calculated the proportion of each component flowing into and out of the lake and found that the contribution of climate change to lake water volume change was 97.55%, while the local human activities contribution was only 2.45%. Thus, climate change had the dominant impact on water volume change in Lake Qinghai.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Quantifying the Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Water Volume in Lake Qinghai, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5281-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenghui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Jiyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3783-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingguo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Kaster Ecosystem, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}]},{"given":"Peiyu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Kaster Ecosystem, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junbang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-010-4052-6","article-title":"China\u2019s lakes at present: Number, area and spatial distribution","volume":"54","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. 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