{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:39:44Z","timestamp":1782938384925,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]],"date-time":"2021-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive rodents have a detrimental impact on terrestrial ecosystem functioning, this is often exacerbated on small islands. Rat eradication campaigns are often used to deal with this environmental perturbation given their classification as invasive species. Studies assessing the effects of rodent control at ecosystem scale are scarce and thus little is known about the subsequent functional response of vegetation subsequent to rat control. In this work, we use remote sensing to assess the effects of black rat (Rattus rattus) eradication on Mediterranean vegetation productivity in the Sa Dragonera Islet, Mallorca (Spain). Rats feed on seeds, sprouts, and leaves of woody vegetation and hence we expect primary production to increase nine years after the rodenticide campaign. The Break Detection approach for additive season and trend (BFAST method) was adopted to examine changes in vegetation density before and after the eradication campaign in Sa Dragonera Islet (Balearic Islands), using a temporal series of monthly NDVI data extracted from Landsat imagery. The same temporal trends were examined for a control zone where no rat eradication took place, in order to control for weather-driven changes. The results of this study revealed changes across the 21-year monthly NDVI time series. However, the dates, magnitude, and trend of these changes could not be explicitly attributed to the action of rats, when compared to the historical changes on the islet and the changes found to co-occur within the control zone. These finding could, perhaps, be explained by the high resilience of Mediterranean shrubs to browsing including that of rat invasion. However, the results from the study appear to show that rat damage on specific plant species, with little contribution to global NDVI values, would be overshadowed by the effects of broader environmental factors in this remote sensing approach. The results suggest that the current passive restoration scheme imposed following eradication is not sufficient for effective ecosystem restoration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Satellite-Based Monitoring of Primary Production in a Mediterranean Islet Post Black Rat Eradication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Iba\u00f1ez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca en Remugants, Departament de Ci\u00e9ncia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pol","family":"Farr\u00e0s Santasusana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Servei d\u2019Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6586-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1026-3253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Rouco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bot\u00e1nica, Ecolog\u00eda y Fisiolog\u00eda Vegetal, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3576-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Brolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Earth Observation Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niall G.","family":"Burnside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Earth Observation Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2928-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Baraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology-INAGEA, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca en Remugants, Departament de Ci\u00e9ncia Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9799-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H), Servei d\u2019Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson, D.M., Py\u0161ek, P., and Carlton, J.T. (2011). A Compendium of Essential Concepts and Terminology in Invasion Ecology. Fifty Years Invasion Ecology: The Legacy of Charles Elton, WILEY.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444329988"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01554-7","article-title":"Does global change increase the success of biological invaders?","volume":"14","author":"Dukes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00012.x","article-title":"Ecological Restoration and Nonindigenous Plant Species: A Review","volume":"1","author":"Berger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3390\/land2040534","article-title":"Land cover change detection in Ulaanbaatar using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method","volume":"2","author":"Tsutsumida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"26","article-title":"Efectos de la introducci\u00f3n de especies vegetales en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas terrestres","volume":"55","year":"1999","journal-title":"Montes"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biv031","article-title":"The importance of islands for the protection of biological and linguistic diversity","volume":"65","author":"Tershy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-005-0421-z","article-title":"Have the harmful effects of introduced rats on islands been exaggerated?","volume":"8","author":"Towns","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2007.00755.x","article-title":"Invasive rodent eradication on islands","volume":"21","author":"Howald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12019","article-title":"Rating the rat: Global patterns and research priorities in impacts and management of rodent pests","volume":"44","author":"Capizzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mamm. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"27","article-title":"Pr\u00e9dation du rat noir Rattus rattus sur les oiseaux de mer qui nichent dans les \u00eeles m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes","volume":"2","author":"Cheylan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. Crop"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2005.00005.x","article-title":"Rat control and breeding performance in Cory\u2019s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea): Effects of poisoning effort and habitat features","volume":"9","author":"Igual","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"35","article-title":"The spread of commensal species of Rattus to oceanic islands and their effects on island avifaunas","volume":"3","author":"Atkinson","year":"1985","journal-title":"ICPB Tech Publ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.01.009","article-title":"Tropical Island conservation: Rat eradication for species recovery","volume":"185","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-012-2545-z","article-title":"Anthropogenic subsidies mitigate environmental variability for insular rodents","volume":"172","author":"Ruffino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"219","article-title":"Home range and population density of black rats (Rattus rattus) on a seabird island: A case for a marine subsidised effect?","volume":"40","author":"Harper","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Oppel, S., McClelland, G.T.W., Lavers, J.L., Churchyard, T., Donaldson, A., Duffield, N., Havery, S., Kelly, J., Proud, T., and Russell, J.C. (2019, January 27\u201331). Seasonal variation in movements and survival of invasive Pacific rats on sub-tropical Henderson Island: Implications for eradication. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species, Montreal, QC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-008-9394-z","article-title":"Invasive rats and seabirds after 2000 years of an unwanted coexistence on Mediterranean islands","volume":"11","author":"Ruffino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.99190.x","article-title":"Black rats, island characteristics, and colonial nesting birds in the Mediterranean: Consequences of an ancient introduction","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-008-9395-y","article-title":"A review on the effects of alien rodents in the Balearic (western Mediterranean sea) and Canary islands (eastern Atlantic ocean)","volume":"11","author":"Traveset","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12666","article-title":"Importance of lethal control of invasive predators for island conservation","volume":"30","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.1999.9517597","article-title":"Effects of kiore (Rattus exulans Peale) on recruitment of indigenous coastal trees on northern offshore islands of New Zealand","volume":"29","author":"Campbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. N. Z."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00376999","article-title":"The effect of rodent seed predation on four species of California annual grasses","volume":"33","author":"Borchert","year":"1978","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Shiels, A.B. (2010). Ecology and Impacts of Introduced Rodents (Rattus spp. and Mus Musculus) in the Hawaiian Islands. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa]."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-009-9503-7","article-title":"Herbivory in invasive rats: Criteria for food selection","volume":"12","author":"Barboza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-010-9728-5","article-title":"Disruption of recruitment in two endemic palms on Lord Howe Island by invasive rats","volume":"12","author":"Auld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00039-3","article-title":"Depression of tree recruitment by the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans Peale) on New Zealand\u2019s northern offshore islands","volume":"107","author":"Campbell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1500-0","article-title":"Effects of invasive rats and burrowing seabirds on seeds and seedlings on New Zealand islands","volume":"162","author":"Mulder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1511\/2006.61.1002","article-title":"Rethinking the fall of Easter Island. New evidence points to and alternative explanation for a civilization\u2019s collapse","volume":"94","author":"Hunt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2014.12.015","article-title":"Seabird recovery and vegetation dynamics after Norway rat eradication at Tromelin Island, western Indian Ocean","volume":"185","author":"Danckwerts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Weber, C. (2014). Ecological Impacts of Invasive Rat Removal on Mediterranean Sea Islands. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan]."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101617","article-title":"Avian extinction and mammalian introductions on oceanic islands","volume":"305","author":"Blackburn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1172.1","article-title":"Prognosis for ecosystem recovery following rodent eradication and seabird restoration in an island archipelago","volume":"20","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-100x.2001.009003293.x","article-title":"Design and implementation of monitoring studies to evaluate the success of ecological restoration on wildlife","volume":"9","author":"Block","year":"2001","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohr, C., Van Dongen, R., Huntley, B., Gibson, L., and Morris, K. (2014). Remotely monitoring change in vegetation cover on the Montebello Islands, Western Australia, in response to introduced rodent eradication. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114095"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2017.02.015","article-title":"Ecosystem implications of conserving endemic versus eradicating introduced large herbivores in the Galapagos Archipelago","volume":"209","author":"Gibbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Graham, M.F., and Veitch, C.R. (2002). Changes in Bird Numbers on Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand, Over the Period of Rat Eradication. Turning the Tide, The Eradication of Invasive Species, IUCN Species Survival. Commission."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"McClelland, P.J. (2002). Eradication of Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) from Whenua Hou Nature Reserve (Codfish Island), Putauhinu and Rarotoka Islands, New Zealand. Turning the Tide, The Eradication of Invasive Species, IUCN Species Survival. Commission."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Towns, D.R., Atkinson, I.A.E., and Daugherty, C.H. (1990). Reconstructing the Ambiguous: Can Island Ecosystems be Restored. Ecological Restoration of New Zealand Islands, Department of Conservation."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2984\/70.1.5","article-title":"Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Vegetation Responses to Goat and European Rabbit Eradications on Islands","volume":"70","author":"Schweizer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pac. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521179113","article-title":"Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains","volume":"113","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettorelli, N., Safi, K., and Turner, W. (2014). Satellite remote sensing, biodiversity research and conservation of the future. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 369.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0190"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"462","article-title":"MODIS time-series imagery for forest disturbance detection and quantification of patch size effects Article in Remote Sensing of Environment December 2005 SEE PROFILE MODIS time-series imagery for forest disturbance detection and quantification of patch size effects","volume":"99","author":"Sader","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.08.014","article-title":"Detecting trend and seasonal changes in satellite image time series","volume":"114","author":"Verbesselt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.05.011","article-title":"Using the satellite-derived NDVI to assess ecological responses to environmental change","volume":"20","author":"Pettorelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168508948283","article-title":"Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis and transpiration","volume":"6","author":"Sellers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2307\/3235884","article-title":"Measuring phenological variability from satellite imagery","volume":"5","author":"Reed","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Running, S.W. (1990). Estimating Terrestrial Primary Productivity by Combining Remote Sensing and Ecosystem Simulation. Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3302-2_4"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.1995.8746029","article-title":"The interpretation of spectral vegetation indexes","volume":"33","author":"Myneni","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2003.00648.x","article-title":"Major disturbance events in terrestrial ecosystems detected using global satellite data sets","volume":"9","author":"Potter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5031117","article-title":"Shifts in global vegetation activity trends","volume":"5","author":"Verbesselt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2013.05.007","article-title":"Evaluating the performance of multiple remote sensing indices to predict the spatial variability of ecosystem structure and functioning in Patagonian steppes","volume":"34","author":"Bran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12099","article-title":"Detecting changes in biomass productivity in a different land management regimes in drylands using satellite-derived vegetation index","volume":"30","author":"Helman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"13","article-title":"Baseline characterization of major Iberian vegetation types based on the NDVI dynamics","volume":"202","author":"Cabello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Ecol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207068110","article-title":"Response of vegetation to drought time-scales across global land biomes","volume":"110","author":"Gouveia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.02.022","article-title":"Near real-time disturbance detection using satellite image time series","volume":"123","author":"Verbesselt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geng, L., Che, T., Wang, X., and Wang, H. (2019). Detecting spatiotemporal changes in vegetation with the BFAST model in the Qilian Mountain region during 2000\u20132017. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020103"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.01.031","article-title":"Monitoring changes of NDVI in protected areas of southern California","volume":"88","author":"Gillespie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.11.017","article-title":"Large-scale detection of vegetation dynamics and their potential drivers using MODIS images and BFAST: A case study in Quebec, Canada","volume":"206","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.08.023","article-title":"Effectiveness of the BFAST algorithm for detecting vegetation response patterns in a semi-arid region","volume":"154","author":"Watts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.13099","article-title":"Global-scale characterization of turning points in arid and semi-arid ecosystem functioning","volume":"29","author":"Bernardino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.09.014","article-title":"Abrupt spatiotemporal land and water changes and their potential drivers in Poyang Lake, 2000-2012","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"(2021, February 25). Spanish Meteorology Agency\u2014AEMET Government of Spain. Available online: http:\/\/www.aemet.es\/."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Gin\u00e9s, \u00c1., Gin\u00e9s, J., G\u00f3mez-Pujol, L., Onac, B., and Forn\u00f3s, J. (2012). Mallorca: A Mediterranean Benchmark for Quaternary Studies, Societat d\u2019Hist\u00f2ria Natural de les Balears."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogiatzakis, I.N., Pungetti, G., and Mannion, A.M. (2008). Mediterranean Island Landscapes: Natural and Cultural Approaches, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5064-0"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2005.05.010","article-title":"Herbivory in a Mediterranean forest: Browsing impact and plant compensation","volume":"28","author":"Focardi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Oecologica"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/avsc.12274","article-title":"Regeneration dynamics of woody vegetation in a Mediterranean landscape under different disturbance-based management treatments","volume":"20","author":"Bashan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dell, B., Hopkins, A.J., and Lamont, B.B. (1986). Resilience at the Level of the Plant Community. Resilience in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems, Springer Netherlands.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4822-8"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morey, M., and Ruiz-P\u00e9rez, M. (2008). The Balearic Islands. Mediterranean Island Landscapes, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5064-0_12"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2005.00228.x","article-title":"Feral Goat Eradications on Islands","volume":"19","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-004-9642-9","article-title":"Eradications of invasive alien species in Europe: A review","volume":"7","author":"Genovesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"29","article-title":"Aerial broadcast of rodenticide on the island of Sa Dragonera (Balearic Islands, Spain). A promising rodent eradication expe-rience on a Mediterranean island","volume":"32","author":"Mayol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliens Invasive Species Bull."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"97","article-title":"Premi\u00e8res donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019\u00e9cologie et l\u2019\u00e9volution des populations de rats noirs (Rattus rattus L. 1758) des \u00eeles Cerbicale (Corse du Sud)","volume":"39","author":"Granjon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trav. Sci. Parc Nat. R\u00e9gional R\u00e9serves Nat. Corse"},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"(2021, February 24). NATURA 2000 Standard Data Form. Available online: https:\/\/natura2000.eea.europa.eu\/natura2000\/SDF.aspx?site=ES0000221."},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Ministry of the Environment and Territory\u2014Baleares Islands Government (2021, February 24). Plan Rector de Uso y Gesti\u00f3n (PRUG). Plan for Use and Management of the Natural Park of sa Dragonera. Order of the Minister of the Environment of June 8, 2001, Approving the Master. (BOIB No. 73 of June 19, 2001), Available online: https:\/\/www.caib.es\/sites\/espaisnaturalsprotegits\/ca\/parc_natural_de_sa_dragonera-21716\/."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"171","article-title":"Verificaci\u00f3n de la presencia de roedores en el Parque Natural de sa Dragonera","volume":"60","author":"Mcminn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bollet\u00ed Soc. D\u2019hist\u00f2ria Nat. Balear."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Griv\u00e9, M.M. (2010). Acciones con Aves Marinas 2010 Phalacrocorax Aristotelis Cormor\u00e1n Mo\u00f1udo Acciones Aves Marinas 2009 Phalacrocorax Aristotelis Cormor\u00e1n Mo\u00f1udo, Skua Gabinet d\u2019estudis ambientals S.L.P."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russell, J.C., Beaven, B.M., Mackay, J.W.B., Towns, D.R., and Clout, M.N. (2008). Testing island biosecurity systems for invasive rats. Wildl. Res.","DOI":"10.1071\/WR07032"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"355","article-title":"Notes natural\u00edstiques del parc natural de sa Dragonera (2011-2014)","volume":"2015","author":"Aomar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Monogr. Soc. d\u2019Historia Nat. Balear."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10963-008-9010-2","article-title":"The First Mallorcans: Prehistoric Colonization in the Western Mediterranean","volume":"21","author":"Alcover","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. World Prehistory"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"121","article-title":"La cabra salvaje mallorquina: Origen, gen\u00e9tica, morgolog\u00eda, notas ecol\u00f3gicas e implicaciones taxon\u00f3micas","volume":"48","author":"Payeras","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bolleti Soc. d\u2019Historia Nat. Balear."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"USGS (1998). Landsat 7 Science Data Users Handbook."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(91)90005-Q","article-title":"Vegetation indices from AVHRR: An update and future prospects","volume":"35","author":"Gutman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Hijmans, R.J. (2021, February 24). Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. Cran, Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=raster."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"Gromny, E., Lewi\u0144ski, S., Rybicki, M., Malinowski, R., Krupi\u0144ski, M., Nowakowsk, A., and Jenerowicz, M. (June, January 26). Creation of training dataset for Sentinel-2 land cover classification. Proceedings of the Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments, Wilga, Poland."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"North, M.A. (2009, January 14\u201316). A method for implementing a statistically significant number of data classes in the Jenks algorithm. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, Tianjin, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2009.319"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00078-8","article-title":"A three-dimensional model for calculating reflection functions of inhomogeneous and orographically structured natural landscapes","volume":"59","author":"Thomas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.862262","article-title":"Evaluating satellite and climate data-derived indices as fire risk indicators in savanna ecosystems","volume":"44","author":"Verbesselt","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2004.03.014","article-title":"A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, L., Wardlow, B.D., Xiang, D., Hu, S., and Li, D. (2020). A review of vegetation phenological metrics extraction using time-series, multispectral satellite data. Remote Sens. Environ., 237.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111511"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanimirova, R., Cai, Z., Melaas, E.K., Gray, J.M., Eklundh, L., J\u00f6nsson, P., and Friedl, M.A. (2019). An empirical assessment of the MODIS land cover dynamics and TIMESAT land surface phenology algorithms. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11192201"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1890\/130066","article-title":"Bringing an ecological view of change to Landsat-based remote sensing","volume":"12","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.08.015","article-title":"Phenologically-tuned MODIS NDVI-based production anomaly estimates for Zimbabwe","volume":"113","author":"Funk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0049-1","article-title":"Variability of African farming systems from phenological analysis of NDVI time series","volume":"109","author":"Vrieling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_95","unstructured":"Conselleria medi ambient i pesca, Direcci\u00f3 General Recurs H\u00eddrics (2017). Plan Especial de Actuaci\u00f3n en Situaciones de Alerta y Eventual Sequ\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3 General Recurs H\u00eddrics."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112270","article-title":"Resilience of vegetation to drought: Studying the effect of grazing in a Mediterranean rangeland using satellite time series","volume":"255","author":"Mayor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.08.003","article-title":"Phenological change detection while accounting for abrupt and gradual trends in satellite image time series","volume":"114","author":"Verbesselt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"57","article-title":"The diet of Myotragus balearicus Bate 1909 (Artiodactyla: Caprinae), an extinct bovid from the Balearic Islands: Evidence from coprolites","volume":"66","author":"Alcover","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5325.515","article-title":"Hopes for the future: Restoration ecology and conservation biology","volume":"277","author":"Dobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111772","article-title":"Global consequences of land use","volume":"309","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"9","article-title":"La Cova de sa Font (o Cova des Moro) i l\u2019origen del top\u00f2nim de s\u2019 illa de sa Dragonera: Una hip\u00f2tesi espeleol\u00f2gica","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endins: Publicaci\u00f3 D\u2019espeleologia"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(01)02194-2","article-title":"Viewing invasive species removal in a whole-ecosystem context","volume":"16","author":"Zavaleta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.07.007","article-title":"Understanding the long-term effects of species invasions","volume":"21","author":"Strayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_104","unstructured":"Blondel, J., Aronson, J., Bodiou, J., and Boeuf, G. (2010). The Mediterranean Region: Biological Diversity in Space and Time, Oxford University Press."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/1\/101\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:53:44Z","timestamp":1760169224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/1\/101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14010101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14010101","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,26]]}}}