{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T03:41:04Z","timestamp":1764906064717,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41905049","41805028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41905049","41805028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xiamen Science and Technology Program","award":["3502Z20206079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20206079"]}]},{"name":"Open Program of LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["20210625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210625"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M702725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M702725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among the densely-populated coastal areas of China, the southeastern coast has received less attention in convective development despite having been suffering from significantly increasing thunderstorm activities. The convective complexity under such a region with extremely complex underlying and convective conditions deserves in-depth observational surveys. This present study examined a high-impact convection outbreak event with over 40 hail reports in the southeastern coast of China on 6 May 2020 by focusing on contrasting the convective development (from convective initiation to supercell occurrences) among three adjacent convection-active zones (north (N), middle (M), and south (S)). The areas from N to S featured overall flatter terrain, higher levels of free convection, lower relative humidity, larger convective inhibition, more convective available potential energy, and greater vertical wind shears. With these mesoscale environmental variations, distinct inter-zone differences in the convective development were observed with the region\u2019s surveillance radar network and the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite. Convection initiated in succession from N to S and began with more warm-rain processes in N and M and more ice-phase processes in S. The subsequent convection underwent more vigorous vertical growth from N to S. The extremely deep convection in S was characterized by the considerably strong precipitation above the freezing level, echo tops of up to 18 km, and a great amount of deep (even overshooting) and thick convective clouds with significant cloud-top glaciation. Horizontal anvil expansion in convective clouds was uniquely apparent over S. From N to S, more pronounced mesocyclone and weak-echo region signatures indicated high risks of severe supercell hailstorms. These results demonstrate the strong linkage between the occurrence likelihood of severe convection and associated weather (such as supercells and hailstones) and the early-stage convective development that can be well-captured by high-resolution observations and may facilitate fine-scale convection nowcasting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Inter-Zone Differences of Convective Development in a Convection Outbreak Event over Southeastern Coast of China: An Observational Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5344-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yipeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen Meteorological Bureau, Xiamen 361012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6147-7628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen Meteorological Bureau, Xiamen 361012, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben Jong-Dao","family":"Jou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen Meteorological Bureau, Xiamen 361012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changrong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen Meteorological Bureau, Xiamen 361012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dehua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen Key Laboratory of Straits Meteorology, Xiamen Meteorological Bureau, Xiamen 361012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0434(1987)002<0003:TDBLSA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The distinction between large-scale and mesoscale contribution to severe convection: A case study example","volume":"2","author":"Doswell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Weather. 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