{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:34:05Z","timestamp":1773095645041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41671184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41671184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41871192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41671185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41671185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. (S. salsa) acts as a pioneer species in coastal wetlands due to its high salt tolerance. It has significant biodiversity maintenance, socioeconomic values (e.g., tourism) due to its vibrant color, and carbon sequestration (blue carbon). Bohai Bay region, the mainly distributed area of S. salsa, is an economic intensive region with the largest economic aggregate and population in northern China. The coastal wetland is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems with the urbanization and economic developments. S. salsa in Bohai Bay has been changed significantly due to several threats to its habitat in past decades. In this paper, we analyzed all available archived Landsat TM\/ETM+\/OLI images of the Bohai Bay region by using a decision tree algorithm method based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to generate annual maps of S. salsa from 1990 to 2020 at a 30-m spatial resolution. The temporal-spatial dynamic changes in S. salsa were studied by landscape metric analysis. The influencing factors of S. salsa changes were analyzed based on principal component analysis (PCA) and a logistic regression model (LRM). The results showed that S. salsa was mainly distributed in three regions: the Liao River Delta (Liaoning Province), Yellow River Delta (Shandong Province), and Hai River Estuary (Hebei Province, Tianjin). During the past 31 years, the total area of S. salsa has dramatically decreased from 692.93 km2 to 51.04 km2, which means that 92.63% of the area of S. salsa in the Bohai Bay region was lost. In the 641.89 km2 area of S. salsa that was lost, 348.80 km2 of this area was converted to other anthropic land use categories, while 293.09 km2 was degraded to bare land. The landscape fragmentation of S. salsa has gradually intensified since 1990. National Nature Reserves have played an important role in the restoration of suitable S. salsa habitats. The analysis results for the natural influencing factors indicated that precipitation, temperature, elevation, and distance to the coastline were considered to be the major influencing factors for S. salsa changes. The results are valuable for monitoring the dynamic changes of S. salsa and can be used as effective factors for the restoration of S. salsa in coastal wetlands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evolutions of 30-Year Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Influencing Factors of Suaeda salsa in Bohai Bay, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanman","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"E\u2019erguna Wetland Ecosystem National Research Station, Hulun Buir 022250, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3372-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"E\u2019erguna Wetland Ecosystem National Research Station, Hulun Buir 022250, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1987-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2348-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.07.012","article-title":"Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions: Status and challenges for research, engineering and management","volume":"108","author":"Thorslund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. 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