{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:48:52Z","timestamp":1790794132177,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2019YJ0504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YJ0504"]}]},{"name":"Key Projects of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education","award":["17ZA0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ZA0031"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lack of ground control points (GCPs) affects the elevation accuracy of digital surface models (DSMs) generated by optical satellite stereo images and limits the application of high-resolution DSMs. It is a feasible idea to use ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2) laser altimetry data to improve the elevation accuracy of optical stereo images, but it is necessary to accurately match the two types of data. This paper proposes a DSM registration strategy based on terrain similarity (BOTS), which integrates ICESat-2 laser altimetry data without GCPs and improves the DSM elevation accuracy generation from optical satellite stereo pairs. Under different terrain conditions, Worldview-2, SV-1, GF-7, and ZY-3 stereo pairs were used to verify the effectiveness of this method. The experimental results show that the BOTS method proposed in this paper is more robust when there are a large number of abnormal points in the ICESat-2 data or there is a large elevation gap between DSMs. After fusion of ICESat-2 data, the DSM elevation accuracy extracted from the satellite stereo pair is improved by 73~92%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of Worldview-2 DSM reaches 0.71 m.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T23:31:35Z","timestamp":1640820695000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["High-Precision Digital Surface Model Extraction from Satellite Stereo Images Fused with ICESat-2 Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girod, L., Nuth, C., K\u00e4\u00e4b, A., McNabb, R., and Galland, O. 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