{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:47:42Z","timestamp":1782438462769,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002830","name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002830","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An iterative Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) approach is proposed to recover a regional set of topographic heights composing an undersea volcanic mount by the successive combination of large numbers of gravity measurements at sea surface using altimetry satellite-derived grids and taking the error uncertainties into account. The integration of the non-linear Newtonian operators versus the radial and angular distances (and its first derivatives) enables the estimation process to accelerate and requires only few iterations, instead of summing Legendre polynomial series or using noise-degraded 2D-FFT decomposition. To show the effectiveness of the EKF approach, we apply it to the real case of the bathymetry around the Great Meteor seamount in the Atlantic Ocean by combining only geoid height\/free-air anomaly datasets and using ship-track soundings as reference for validation. Topography of the Great Meteor seamounts structures are well-reconstructed, especially when regional compensation is considered. Best solution gives a RMS equal to 400 m with respect to the single beam depth observations and it is comparable to RMS obtained for ETOPO1 of about 365 m. Larger discrepancies are located in the seamount flanks due to missing high-resolution information for gradients. This approach can improve the knowledge of seafloor topography in regions where few echo-sounder measurements are available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Regional Seafloor Topography by Extended Kalman Filtering of Marine Gravity Data without Ship-Track Information"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7007-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Seoane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"G\u00e9osciences Environment Toulouse UMR 5563, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III\u2013Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Ramillien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Beirens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"G\u00e9osciences Environment Toulouse UMR 5563, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III\u2013Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1750-2819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Darrozes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00e9osciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es (OMP), 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"G\u00e9osciences Environment Toulouse UMR 5563, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III\u2013Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Rouxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Hydrographique et Oc\u00e9anographique de la Marine (SHOM), 29200 Brest, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Hydrographique et Oc\u00e9anographique de la Marine (SHOM), 29200 Brest, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Sala\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Hydrographique et Oc\u00e9anographique de la Marine (SHOM), 29200 Brest, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-8274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Frappart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, 33140 Villenave d\u2019Ornon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, W.H.F., Marks, M., and Schmitt, T. 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