{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:31:29Z","timestamp":1770820289763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is crucial in determining the quantity of reflected light on the earth\u2019s surface as a function of solar and view angles (i.e., azimuth and zenith angles). The Vegetation and ENvironment monitoring Micro-Satellite (VEN\u00b5S) provides a unique opportunity to acquire data from the same site, with the same sensor, with almost constant solar and view zenith angles from two (or more) view azimuth angles. The present study was aimed at exploring the view angles\u2019 effect on the stability of the values of albedo and of two vegetation indices (VIs): the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the red-edge inflection point (REIP). These products were calculated over three polygons representing urban and cultivated areas in April, June, and September 2018, under a minimal time difference of less than two minutes. Arithmetic differences of VIs and a change vector analysis (CVA) were performed. The results show that in urban areas, there was no difference between the VIs, whereas in the well-developed field crop canopy, the REIP was less affected by the view azimuth angle than the NDVI. Results suggest that REIP is a more appropriate index than NDVI for field crop studies and monitoring. This conclusion can be applied in a constellation of satellites that monitor ground features simultaneously but from different view azimuth angles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["VEN\u00b5S-Derived NDVI and REIP at Different View Azimuth Angles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5810-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Salvoldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Remote Sensing Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beersheba 8455902, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaniv","family":"Tubul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8065-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnon","family":"Karnieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Remote Sensing Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beersheba 8455902, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1136-1883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ittai","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dedieu, G., Karnieli, A., Hagolle, O., Jeanjean, H., Cabot, F., Ferrier, P., and Yaniv, Y. (2006, January 19\u201321). A Joint Israeli\u2013French Earth Observation Scientific Mission with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Capabilities. Proceedings of the 4th ESA CHRIS\/Proba Work, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.03.002","article-title":"Reflectance quantities in optical remote sensing\u2014definitions and case studies","volume":"103","author":"Schaepman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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