{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:50:32Z","timestamp":1760403032824,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]],"date-time":"2022-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The support tensor machine (STM) extended from support vector machine (SVM) can maintain the inherent information of remote sensing image (RSI) represented as tensor and obtain effective recognition results using a few training samples. However, the conventional STM is binary and fails to handle multiclass classification directly. In addition, the existing STMs cannot process objects with different sizes represented as multiscale tensors and have to resize object slices to a fixed size, causing excessive background interferences or loss of object\u2019s scale information. Therefore, the multiclass multiscale support tensor machine (MCMS-STM) is proposed to recognize effectively multiclass objects with different sizes in RSIs. To achieve multiclass classification, by embedding one-versus-rest and one-versus-one mechanisms, multiple hyperplanes described by rank-R tensors are built simultaneously instead of single hyperplane described by rank-1 tensor in STM to separate input with different classes. To handle multiscale objects, multiple slices of different sizes are extracted to cover the object with an unknown class and expressed as multiscale tensors. Then, M-dimensional hyperplanes are established to project the input of multiscale tensors into class space. To ensure an efficient training of MCMS-STM, a decomposition algorithm is presented to break the complex dual problem of MCMS-STM into a series of analytic sub-optimizations. Using publicly available RSIs, the experimental results demonstrate that the MCMS-STM achieves 89.5% and 91.4% accuracy for classifying airplanes and ships with different classes and sizes, which outperforms typical SVM and STM methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MCMS-STM: An Extension of Support Tensor Machine for Multiclass Multiscale Object Recognition in Remote Sensing Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick, R. 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