{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:20:59Z","timestamp":1780928459957,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1504704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1504704"]}]},{"name":"The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition","award":["2021QZKK0204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021QZKK0204"]}]},{"name":"The Construction Project of Gansu Technological Innovation Center","award":["18JR2JA006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JR2JA006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42007232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42007232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["lzujbky-2021-sp01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2021-sp01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The construction of Longyangxia Reservoir has altered the hydrogeological conditions of its banks. Infiltration and erosion caused by the periodic rise and fall of the water level leads to collapse of the reservoir banks and local deformation of the landslide. Due to heterogeneous topographic characteristics across the region, water level also varies between different location. Previous research on the influence of fluctuations in reservoir water level on landslide deformation has focused on single-point monitoring of specific slopes, and single-point water level monitoring data have often been used instead of water level data for the entire reservoir region. In addition, integrated remote sensing methods have seldom been used for regional analysis. In this study, the freely-available Landsat8 OLI and Sentinel-2 data were used to extract the water level of Longyangxia Reservoir using the NDWI method, and Sentinel-1A data were used to obtain landslide deformation time series using SBAS-InSAR technology. Taking the Chana, Chaxi, and Mangla River Estuary landslides (each having different reservoir water level depths) as typical examples, the influence of changes in reservoir water level on the deformation of three wading landslides was analyzed. Our main conclusions are as follows: First, the change in water level is the primary external factor controlling the deformation velocity and trend of landslides in the Longyangxia Reservoir, with falling water levels having the greatest influence. Second, the displacement of the Longyangxia Reservoir landslides lags water level changes by 0 to 62 days. Finally, this study provides a new method applicable other areas without water level monitoring data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Impact of Water Level Fluctuations on Landslide Deformation at Longyangxia Reservoir, Qinghai Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8969-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shufen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runqiang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6206-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingmin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zonglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangpei","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2017.06.007","article-title":"Yellow River terrace sequences of the Gonghe\u2013Guide section in the northeastern Qinghai\u2013Tibet: Implications for plateau uplift","volume":"295","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Spatial and temporal characteristics of landslide and there response to climatic change from Sigou to Lagan gorges in upper reaches of Yellow River","volume":"21","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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