{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T08:35:49Z","timestamp":1770539749237,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41825011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41825011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41905117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41905117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National key research and development program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC0214601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0214601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National key research and development program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC0214603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0214603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aerosols can affect vertical thermal structure during heavily polluted episodes (HPEs). Here, we selected four typical HPEs in 2018, which were further subdivided into dust and haze events. The vertical distribution of aerosols extinction coefficient (EC) and variations in columnar optical properties were investigated based on sun-photometer and Lidar observation at an urban site in Beijing. The vertical characteristics in shortwave radiative heating rate (HR) of aerosols were studied using NASA\/Goddard radiative transfer model along with observational data. In the haze episode, EC layer is less than 1.5 km and shows strong scattering, with single-scattering albedo (SSA440nm) of ~0.97. The heating effects are observed at the middle and upper atmosphere, and slight heating effects are found at the lower layer. The mean HR within 1.5 km can be up to 16.3 K day\u22121 with EC of 1.27 km\u22121, whereas the HR within 0.5 km is only 1.3 K day\u22121. In the dust episode, dust aerosols present the absorption with SSA440nm of ~0.88, which would heat the lower atmosphere to promote vertical turbulence, and the height of EC layer can be up to 2.0\u20133.5 km. In addition, the strong heating effects of dust layer produced cooling effects near the surface. Therefore, the accurate measurement of aerosols optical properties in HPEs is of great significance for modeling aerosols direct radiative effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:08:26Z","timestamp":1641769706000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Aerosols Direct Radiative Effects Combined Ground-Based Lidar and Sun-Photometer Observations: Cases Comparison between Haze and Dust Events in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuanxin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9458-3387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huizheng","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7115-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites (LRCVES), FengYun Meteorological Satellite Innovation Center (FY-MSIC), Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9875","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.170278997","article-title":"Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario","volume":"97","author":"Hansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. 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