{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:57:29Z","timestamp":1782968249398,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Central Government Guide Local Basic Research Project 277 for Shenzhen Virtual University Park","award":["2021Szvup02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Szvup02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional (3D) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging provides complete 3D spatial information, which has been used in environmental monitoring in recent years. Compared with matched filtering (MF) algorithms, the regularization technique can improve image quality. However, due to the substantial computational cost, the existing observation-matrix-based sparse imaging algorithm is difficult to apply to large-scene and 3D reconstructions. Therefore, in this paper, novel 3D sparse reconstruction algorithms with generalized Lq-regularization are proposed. First, we combine majorization\u2013minimization (MM) and L1 regularization (MM-L1) to improve SAR image quality. Next, we combine MM and L1\/2 regularization (MM-L1\/2) to achieve high-quality 3D images. Then, we present the algorithm which combines MM and L0 regularization (MM-L0) to obtain 3D images. Finally, we present a generalized MM-Lq algorithm (GMM-Lq) for sparse SAR imaging problems with arbitrary q0\u2264q\u22641 values. The proposed algorithm can improve the performance of 3D SAR images, compared with existing regularization techniques, and effectively reduce the amount of calculation needed. Additionally, the reconstructed complex image retains the phase information, which makes the reconstructed SAR image still suitable for interferometry applications. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:08:26Z","timestamp":1641769706000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Three-Dimensional Sparse SAR Imaging with Generalized Lq Regularization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2816-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518057, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Digital Signal Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Algorithms and Implementation","volume":"1","author":"Cumming","year":"2004","journal-title":"Artech House"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Moses, R.L., Potter, L.C., and \u00c7etin, M. 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