{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:47:38Z","timestamp":1776077258830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001859","name":"Swedish National Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dr. 149\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dr. 149\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001859","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Aura Science Team","award":["80NSSC17K0240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC17K0240"]}]},{"name":"Aura Science Team","award":["80NSSC20K0983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC20K0983"]}]},{"name":"Science of Terra, Aqua and Suomi\/NPP program","award":["80NSSC18K0688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC18K0688"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Five effusive eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise (La R\u00e9union) are analyzed to investigate temporal trends of erupted mass and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Daily SO2 emissions are acquired from three ultraviolet (UV) satellite instruments (the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)) and an array of ground-based UV spectrometers (Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC)). Time-averaged lava discharge rates (TADRs) are obtained from two automatic satellite-based hot spot detection systems: MIROVA and MODVOLC. Assuming that the lava volumes measured in the field are accurate, the MIROVA system gave the best estimation of erupted volume among the methods investigated. We use a reverse petrological method to constrain pre-eruptive magmatic sulfur contents based on observed SO2 emissions and lava volumes. We also show that a direct petrological approach using SO2 data might be a viable alternative for TADR estimation during cloudy weather that compromises hot spot detection. In several eruptions we observed a terminal increase in TADR and SO2 emissions after initial emission of evolved degassed magma. We ascribe this to input of deeper, volatile-rich magma into the plumbing system towards the end of these eruptions. Furthermore, we find no evidence of volatile excess in the five eruptions studied, which were thus mostly fed by shallow degassed magma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T20:33:04Z","timestamp":1641933184000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Lava Volume from Remote Sensing Data: Comparisons with Reverse Petrological Approaches for Two Types of Effusive Eruption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Verdurme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Universit\u00e9 Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Carn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew J. L.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Universit\u00e9 Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7181-4122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra, Universit\u00e0 di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10135 Torino, Italy"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Di Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, La Plaine des Cafres, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Gurioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Universit\u00e9 Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2008.12.008","article-title":"Magma transport and storage at Piton de La Fournaise (La R\u00e9union) between 1972 and 2007: A review of geophysical and geochemical data","volume":"184","author":"Peltier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.09.027","article-title":"TROPOMI on the ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor: A GMES mission for global observations of the atmospheric composition for climate, air quality and ozone layer applications","volume":"120","author":"Veefkind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6181","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD020467","article-title":"Performance of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) products","volume":"119","author":"Flynn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00030-5","article-title":"Automated volcanic eruption detection using MODIS","volume":"82","author":"Wright","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(00)00195-4","article-title":"The MODIS\/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER)\u2014A new instrument for earth science studies","volume":"76","author":"Hook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1144\/SP426.5","article-title":"Enhanced volcanic hot-spot detection using MODIS IR data: Results from the MIROVA system","volume":"426","author":"Coppola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-119-2017","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide retrievals from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor: Algorithm theoretical basis","volume":"10","author":"Theys","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-445-2017","article-title":"New-generation NASA Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) volcanic SO2 dataset: Algorithm description, initial results, and continuation with the Suomi-NPP Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.872333","article-title":"The ozone monitoring instrument","volume":"44","author":"Levelt","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1144\/SP426.12","article-title":"MODVOLC: 14 years of autonomous observations of effusive volcanism from space","volume":"426","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02597094","article-title":"Evolution structurale du volcan actif du Piton de la Fournaise, Ile de la R\u00e9union\u2014Oc\u00e9an indien occidental","volume":"44","author":"Chevallier","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2017.01.024","article-title":"Shallow system rejuvenation and magma discharge trends at Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La R\u00e9union Island)","volume":"463","author":"Coppola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Bachelery, P., Lenat, J.-F., di Muro, A., and Michon, L. (2016). Magma Degassing at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano, Springer."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Di Muro, A., Aiuppa, A., Burton, M., Metrich, N., Allard, P., Fougeroux, T., Guida, R., and Giudice, G. (2020, January 22\u201327). Intra-eruptive gas emissions and shallow magma storage after the 2007 summit caldera collapse of Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion island. Proceedings of the EGU General Assembly 2012, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2010.02.007","article-title":"New behaviour of the Piton de La Fournaise volcano feeding system (La R\u00e9union Island) deduced from GPS data: Influence of the 2007 Dolomieu caldera collapse","volume":"192","author":"Peltier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"49","article-title":"An automatic and modular stereo pipeline for pushbroom images","volume":"II\u20133","author":"Michel","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-21-2355-2021","article-title":"Lava flow hazard map of Piton de la Fournaise volcano","volume":"21","author":"Chevrel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L02304","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL028251","article-title":"Regional earthquake as a trigger for enhanced volcanic activity: Evidence from MODIS thermal data","volume":"34","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"D05304","article-title":"Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC)\u2014A global network for volcanic gas monitoring: Network layout and instrument description","volume":"115","author":"Galle","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2013.06.012","article-title":"Explosive activity of the summit cone of Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La R\u00e9union island): A historical and geological review","volume":"264","author":"Michon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Derrien, A. (2019). Apports des Techniques Photogramm\u00e9triques \u00e0 L\u2019\u00e9tude du Dynamisme des Structures Volcaniques du Piton de la Fournaise. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\u00e9 de Paris]. Available online: http:\/\/www.theses.fr\/2019UNIP7084\/document."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Barsi, J.A., Barker, J.L., and Schott, J.R. (2003, January 21\u201325). An Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator for a single thermal band earth-sensing instrument. Proceedings of the IGARSS 2003, 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477), Toulouse, France."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4401\/ag-7749","article-title":"Monitoring the time-averaged discharge rates, volumes and emplacement style of large lava flows by using MIROVA system: The case of the 2014\u20132015 eruption at Holuhraun (Iceland)","volume":"61","author":"Coppola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, A. (2013). Thermal Remote Sensing of Active Volcanoes: A User\u2019s Manual, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139029346"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Harris, A. (2013). Detection capabilities of thermal sensors\u2014Electronic Supplement 1. Thermal Remote Sensing of Active Volcanoes A User\u2019s Manual, Cambridge University Press. Available online: https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/files\/3313\/6698\/1587\/Harris_electronic_supplement_1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L19302","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL039717","article-title":"Lava discharge rates from satellite-measured heat flux","volume":"36","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.031","article-title":"Lava discharge rate and effusive pattern at Piton de la Fournaise from MODIS data","volume":"184","author":"Coppola","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s004450050216","article-title":"Calculation of lava effusion rates from Landsat TM data","volume":"60","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-007-0120-y","article-title":"Lava effusion rate definition and measurement: A review","volume":"70","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2012.09.005","article-title":"Rheological control on the radiant density of active lava flows and domes","volume":"249","author":"Coppola","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(84)90173-8","article-title":"Sulfur flows of Ra Patera, Io","volume":"60","author":"Pieri","year":"1984","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L20608","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL020925","article-title":"Magma volume, volatile emissions, and stratospheric aerosols from the 1815 eruption of Tambora","volume":"31","author":"Self","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Carey, R., Cayol, V., Poland, M., and Weis, D. (2015). Shallow Magma Storage at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano After 2007 Summit Caldera Collapse Tracked in Pele\u2019s Hairs. Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2019.115786","article-title":"The 2007 caldera collapse of Piton de la Fournaise volcano: Source process from very-long-period seismic signals","volume":"527","author":"Duputel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1785\/0220200212","article-title":"Volcano Crisis Management at Piton de la Fournaise (La R\u00e9union) during the COVID-19 Lockdown","volume":"92","author":"Peltier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seismol. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/petrology\/egu025","article-title":"The Shallow Plumbing System of Piton de la Fournaise Volcano (La Reunion Island, Indian Ocean) Revealed by the Major 2007 Caldera-Forming Eruption","volume":"55","author":"Metrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouhier, M., and Coppola, D. (2011). Satellite-based evidence for a large hydrothermal system at Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Reunion Island): Hydrothermal system and SO2 emissions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38.","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL046183"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5194\/se-9-431-2018","article-title":"Integrating field, textural, and geochemical monitoring to track eruption triggers and dynamics: A case study from Piton de la Fournaise","volume":"9","author":"Gurioli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.005","article-title":"The April 2007 eruption and the Dolomieu crater collapse, two major events at Piton de la Fournaise (La R\u00e9union Island, Indian Ocean)","volume":"184","author":"Staudacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14773","DOI":"10.1029\/JB093iB12p14773","article-title":"Three Hawaiian calderas: An origin through loading by shallow intrusions?","volume":"93","author":"Walker","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44439-1","article-title":"Very- and ultra-long-period seismic signals prior to and during caldera formation on La R\u00e9union Island","volume":"9","author":"Fontaine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2020.116250","article-title":"Seismic and geodetic progression of the 2018 summit caldera collapse of K\u012blauea volcano","volume":"540","author":"Tepp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0273(81)90020-2","article-title":"The variation of magma discharge during basaltic eruptions","volume":"11","author":"Wadge","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-009-0320-8","article-title":"A comparison of field- and satellite-derived thermal flux at Piton de la Fournaise: Implications for the calculation of lava discharge rate","volume":"72","author":"Coppola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2016.08.036","article-title":"Origin and fate of sulfide liquids in hotspot volcanism (La R\u00e9union): Pb isotope constraints from residual Fe\u2013Cu oxides","volume":"194","author":"Gannoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00410-019-1642-y","article-title":"Timescales of magmatic processes during the eruptive cycle 2014\u20132015 at Piton de la Fournaise, La R\u00e9union, obtained from Mg\u2013Fe diffusion modelling in olivine","volume":"175","author":"Sundermeyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contrib. Mineral. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.031","article-title":"Deep fluid transfer evidenced by surface deformation during the 2014\u20132015 unrest at Piton de la Fournaise volcano","volume":"321","author":"Peltier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1093\/petrology\/egg048","article-title":"Kilauea East Rift Zone Magmatism: An Episode 54 Perspective","volume":"44","author":"Thornber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Petrol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s004450050280","article-title":"Complex effusive events at K\u012blauea as documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras","volume":"61","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020GL089419","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL089419","article-title":"Mechanical Imaging of a Volcano Plumbing System From GNSS Unsupervised Modeling","volume":"47","author":"Beauducel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/2\/323\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:14:53Z","timestamp":1760364893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/2\/323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14020323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14020323","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]}}}