{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:40:55Z","timestamp":1769517655765,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-19-SARG-0007-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-SARG-0007-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The invasive species of brown algae Sargassum gathers in large aggregations in the Caribbean Sea, and has done so especially over the last decade. These aggregations wash up on shores and decompose, leading to many socio-economic issues for the population and the coastal ecosystem. Satellite ocean color data sensors such as Sentinel-3\/OLCI can be used to detect the presence of Sargassum and estimate its fractional coverage and biomass. The derivation of Sargassum presence and abundance from satellite ocean color data first requires atmospheric correction; however, the atmospheric correction procedure that is commonly used for oceanic waters needs to be adapted when dealing with the occurrence of Sargassum because the non-zero water reflectance in the near infrared band induced by Sargassum optical signature could lead to Sargassum being wrongly identified as aerosols. In this study, this difficulty is overcome by interpolating aerosol and sunglint reflectance between nearby Sargassum-free pixels. The proposed method relies on the local homogeneity of the aerosol reflectance between Sargassum and Sargassum-free areas. The performance of the adapted atmospheric correction algorithm over Sargassum areas is evaluated. The proposed method is demonstrated to result in more plausible aerosol and sunglint reflectances. A reduction of between 75% and 88% of pixels showing a negative water reflectance above 600 nm were noticed after the correction of the several images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:45:21Z","timestamp":1642365921000},"page":"386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Improvement of Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Sentinel-3\/OLCI Data for Oceanic Waters in Presence of Sargassum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Schamberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique et Syst\u00e8me (LIS), Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, CNRS UMR 7020, F-83041 Toulon, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique et Syst\u00e8me (LIS), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, F-13288 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-6383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Minghelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique et Syst\u00e8me (LIS), Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, CNRS UMR 7020, F-83041 Toulon, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Informatique et Syst\u00e8me (LIS), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, F-13288 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malik","family":"Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res Milieux Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS-INSU, F-06304 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-0713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Steinmetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HYGEOS, Euratechnologies, 165 av. de Bretagne, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3844\/ajessp.2017.58.64","article-title":"Sargassum Invasion of Coastal Environments: A Growing Concern","volume":"13","author":"Louime","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034042","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abe11a","article-title":"Evolution of the Riverine Nutrient Export to the Tropical Atlantic over the Last 15 Years: Is There a Link with Sargassum Proliferation?","volume":"16","author":"Jouanno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djakour\u00e9, S., Araujo, M., Hounsou-Gbo, A., Noriega, C., and Bourl\u00e8s, B. (2017). On the Potential Causes of the Recent Pelagic Sargassum Blooms Events in the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeosci. Discuss., 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-2017-346"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2021.102188","article-title":"Sargassum Blooms in the Atlantic Ocean\u2013From a Burden to an Asset","volume":"54","author":"Marx","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"54","article-title":"A Simple, Fast, and Reliable Method to Predict Sargassum Washing Ashore in the Lesser Antilles","volume":"5","author":"Hellio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Appl. Soc. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.05.012","article-title":"A Novel Ocean Color Index to Detect Floating Algae in the Global Oceans","volume":"113","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.04.019","article-title":"Mapping and Quantifying Sargassum Distribution and Coverage in the Central West Atlantic Using MODIS Observations","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.882258","article-title":"Ocean Color Satellites Show Extensive Lines of Floating Sargassum in the Gulf of Mexico","volume":"44","author":"Gower","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.05.022","article-title":"Spectral and Spatial Requirements of Remote Measurements of Pelagic Sargassum Macroalgae","volume":"167","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.33.000443","article-title":"Retrieval of Water-Leaving Radiance and Aerosol Optical Thickness over the Oceans with SeaWiFS: A Preliminary Algorithm","volume":"33","author":"Gordon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Mobley, C.D., Werdell, J., Franz, B., Ahmad, Z., and Bailey, S. (2021, December 14). Atmospheric Correction for Satellite Ocean Color Radiometry, Available online: https:\/\/oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov\/docs\/technical\/NASA-TM-2016-217551.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.39.003582","article-title":"Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Ocean Color Imagery: The Black Pixel Assumption","volume":"39","author":"Siegel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111659","article-title":"In Search of Floating Algae and Other Organisms in Global Oceans and Lakes","volume":"239","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112284","article-title":"Atmospheric Correction of Sentinel-3\/OLCI Data for Mapping of Suspended Particulate Matter and Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Belgian Turbid Coastal Waters","volume":"256","author":"Vanhellemont","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9783","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.009783","article-title":"Atmospheric Correction in Presence of Sun Glint: Application to MERIS","volume":"19","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"107780","article-title":"Sentinel-2 MSI and Sentinel-3 OLCI Consistent Ocean Colour Products Using POLYMER","volume":"Volume 10778","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Remote Sensing of the Open and Coastal Ocean and Inland Waters"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.07.024","article-title":"The Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Sentinel-3 Mission","volume":"120","author":"Donlon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2021, October 05). Copernicus Open Access Hub Website. Available online: https:\/\/scihub.copernicus.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.44.000838","article-title":"Measurement of the Roughness of the Sea Surface from Photographs of the Sun\u2019s Glitter","volume":"44","author":"Cox","year":"1954","journal-title":"Josa"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ody, A., Thibaut, T., Berline, L., Changeux, T., Andr\u00e9, J.-M., Chevalier, C., Blanfun\u00e9, A., Blanchot, J., Ruitton, S., and Stiger-Pouvreau, V. (2019). From In Situ to Satellite Observations of Pelagic Sargassum Distribution and Aggregation in the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222584"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheirer, R., Dybbroe, A., and Raspaud, M. (2018). A General Approach to Enhance Short Wave Satellite Imagery by Removing Background Atmospheric Effects. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040560"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18205","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900663","article-title":"Climatology of Dust Aerosol Size Distribution and Optical Properties Derived from Remotely Sensed Data in the Solar Spectrum","volume":"106","author":"Kaufman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12246","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.012246","article-title":"Cloud Masking of SeaWiFS Images over Coastal Waters Using Spectral Variability","volume":"17","author":"Nordkvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2021.09.013","article-title":"Towards a Novel Approach for Sentinel-3 Synergistic OLCI\/SLSTR Cloud and Cloud Shadow Detection Based on Stereo Cloud-Top Height Estimation","volume":"181","author":"Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2015.70","article-title":"Recent Sargassum Inundation Events in the Caribbean: Shipboard Observations Reveal Dominance of a Previously Rare Form","volume":"28","author":"Schell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dibner, S., Martin, L., Thibaut, T., Aurelle, D., Blanfun\u00e9, A., Whittaker, K., Cooney, L., Schell, J.M., Goodwin, D.S., and Siuda, A.N. (2021). Consistent Genetic Divergence Observed among Pelagic Sargassum Morphotypes in the Western North Atlantic. Mar. Ecol., e12691.","DOI":"10.1111\/maec.12691"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-021-03910-2","article-title":"Pelagic Sargassum Morphotypes Support Different Rafting Motile Epifauna Communities","volume":"168","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/2\/386\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:27:22Z","timestamp":1760362042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/2\/386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14020386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14020386","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]}}}