{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:08:39Z","timestamp":1768439319647,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41876230, 41941006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876230, 41941006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2019YFC1509102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1509102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The airborne ice-penetrating radar (IPR) is an effective method used for ice sheet exploration and is widely applied for detecting the internal structures of ice sheets and for understanding the mechanism of ice flow and the characteristics of the bottom of ice sheets. However, because of the ambient influence and the limitations of the instruments, IPR data are frequently overlaid with noise and interference, which further impedes the extraction of layer features and the interpretation of the physical characteristics of the ice sheet. In this paper, we first applied conventional filtering methods to remove the feature noise and interference in IPR data. Furthermore, machine learning methods were introduced in IPR data processing for noise removal and feature extraction. Inspired by a comparison of the filtering methods and machine learning methods, we propose a fusion method combining both filtering methods and machine-learning-based methods to optimize the feature extraction in IPR data. Field data tests indicated that, under different conditions of IPR data, the application of different methods and strategies can improve the layer feature extraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:45:21Z","timestamp":1642365921000},"page":"399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Noise Removal and Feature Extraction in Airborne Radar Sounding Data of Ice Sheets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6226-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"},{"name":"School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"},{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"},{"name":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Jingxue","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polar Science of Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.102976","article-title":"Mass balance of the ice sheets and glaciers\u2013progress since AR5 and challenges","volume":"201","author":"Hanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. 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