{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:46:58Z","timestamp":1760150818596,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFB0504905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0504905"]}]},{"name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project","award":["Nos. 41971418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 41971418"]}]},{"name":"The Gaofen Satellite Remote Sensing Surveying and Mapping Application Demonstration System (Phase II) of China","award":["No. 42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 42-Y30B04-9001-19\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The visible-IR scanning radiometer (VIRR) of FY1-C\/D meteorological satellites consists of 10 bands with 4 different focal plane assemblies (FPAs). However, there are significant band-to-band registration (BBR) errors between different bands, which cannot be compensated for by a simple shift in the along-scan direction. A rigorous BBR frame was proposed to analyze the sources of misregistration in the whisk-broom camera. According to theory, the 45\u00b0 scanning mirror introduces tangent function style misregistration in the along-track direction and secant function style misregistration in the across-track direction between different bands if the bands are not in the same optical axis. As proven by the experiments of both FY-1C and FY-1D, the image rotation caused by the 45\u00b0 scanning mirrors plays a major role in the misregistration. However, misregistration between different FPAs does not strictly adhere to this theory. Therefore, a polynomial-based co-registration method was proposed to model the BBR errors for the VIRR. To achieve 0.1 pixel accuracy, a fourth-degree polynomial was used for BBR in the along-scan direction, and a fifth-degree polynomial was used for the along-track direction. For the reflective bands, the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of misregistration could be improved from 3 pixels to 0.11 pixels. Limited by matching accuracy, the RMSEs of misregistration between thermal bands and reflective bands were approximately 0.2 to 0.4 pixels, depending on the signal-to-noise ratio.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T20:49:21Z","timestamp":1642452561000},"page":"411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Band-to-Band Registration of FY-1C\/D Visible-IR Scanning Radiometer High-Resolution Picture Transmission Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taoyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengbao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"10-band visible-IR scanning radiometer on Chinese FY-1C meteorological satellite","volume":"19","author":"Gong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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