{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T07:35:14Z","timestamp":1768980914404,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED481B2016\/084-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481B2016\/084-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"IACOBUS program","award":["INTERREG V-A Espa\u00f1a\u2013Portugal, POCTEP 2014\u20132020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INTERREG V-A Espa\u00f1a\u2013Portugal, POCTEP 2014\u20132020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/02331\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/02331\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/05975\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/05975\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Migratory birds are particularly exposed to habitat changes in their breeding and non-breeding grounds. Remote sensing technologies offer an excellent opportunity to monitor species\u2019 habitats from space at unprecedented spatiotemporal scales. We analyzed if remotely sensed ecosystem functioning attributes (EFAs) adequately predict the spatiotemporal variation of the Woodcock\u2019s (Scolopax rusticola) relative abundance in southwest Europe, during autumn migration and wintering periods. We used data gathered from Woodcock monitoring through citizen science (N = 355,654 hunting trips) between 2009 and 2018. We computed a comprehensive set of EFAs on a weekly basis from three MODIS satellite products: enhanced vegetation index (EVI), tasseled cap transformation (TCT), and land surface temperature (LST). We developed generalized linear mixed models to explore the predictive power of EFAs on Woodcock\u2019s abundance during the non-breeding season. Results showed that Woodcock abundance is correlated with spatiotemporal dynamics in primary productivity (measured through the EVI), water cycle dynamics (wetness component of TCT), and surface energy balance (LST) in both periods. Our findings underline the potential of combining citizen science and remote sensing data to monitor migratory birds throughout their life cycles\u2014an issue of critical importance to ensure adequate habitat management in the non-breeding areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T21:01:51Z","timestamp":1642626111000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Combining Citizen Science Data and Satellite Descriptors of Ecosystem Functioning to Monitor the Abundance of a Migratory Bird during the Non-Breeding Season"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2363-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco S.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1983-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Regos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoolox\u00eda, Xen\u00e9tica e Antropolox\u00eda F\u00edsica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago, Spain"},{"name":"CIBIO-InBIO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic i Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. St. Lloren\u00e7 de Morunys km 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO-InBIO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"proMetheus\u2014Research Unit in Materials, Energy and Environment for Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), Avenida do Atl\u00e2ntico, No. 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"DRRF, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Regional dos Recursos Florestais, 9500-050 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Ca\u00e7adores de Galinholas, Largo das T\u00edlias, 4, 4900-012 Afife, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Club de Cazadores de Becada, Avenida Schulz 8, 4\u00b0Dcha., 33208 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Club de Cazadores de Becada, Avenida Schulz 8, 4\u00b0Dcha., 33208 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group on Game Species Breeding and Management, Department of Animal Rearing, School of Veterinary Science, Vegazana Campus, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Meunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Club National des Becassiers, 105, Rue Louis Pergaud, Villeneuve, 16430 Champniers, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Lepetit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Club National des Becassiers, 3, All\u00e9e des Ch\u00e9nes, 87220 Feytiat, France"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Honrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO-InBIO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO-InBIO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6647","article-title":"Migratory birds under threat","volume":"354","author":"Bairlein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaai9214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai9214","article-title":"Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being","volume":"355","author":"Pecl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5487.2068","article-title":"Climate extremes: Observations, modeling, and impacts","volume":"289","author":"Easterling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/416389a","article-title":"Ecological responses to recent climate change","volume":"416","author":"Walther","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12189","article-title":"Predicting species distributions for conservation decisions","volume":"16","author":"Guisan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120159","article-title":"Species distribution models: Ecological explanation and prediction across space and time","volume":"40","author":"Elith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson, A.T., Sober\u00f3n, J., Pearson, R.G., Anderson, R.P., Mart\u00ednez-Meyer, E., Nakamura, M., and Ara\u00fajo, M.B. (2011). Ecological Niches and Geographic Distributions (MPB-49). Monographs in Population Biology, Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691136868.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12125","article-title":"Species distribution models in conservation biogeography: Developments and challenges","volume":"19","author":"Franklin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Divers. Distrib."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12261","article-title":"Satellite remote sensing for applied ecologists: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"51","author":"Pettorelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"226","article-title":"Improving the assessment and reporting on rare and endangered species through species distribution models","volume":"2","author":"Alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1139\/Z08-078","article-title":"Modelling the partially unknown distribution of wall lizards (Podarcis) in North Africa: Ecological affinities, potential areas of occurrence, and methodological constraints","volume":"86","author":"Kaliontzopoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arenas-Castro, S., Gon\u00e7alves, J., Alves, P., Alcaraz-Segura, D., and Honrado, J.P. (2018). Assessing the multi-scale predictive ability of ecosystem functional attributes for species distribution modelling. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199292"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.7","article-title":"Will remote sensing shape the next generation of species distribution models?","volume":"1","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2006.00529.x","article-title":"Presence\u2013absence versus abundance data for monitoring threatened species","volume":"20","author":"Joseph","year":"2006","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12359","article-title":"Building essential biodiversity variables (EBV s) of species distribution and abundance at a global scale","volume":"93","author":"Kissling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12184","article-title":"Improving species distribution models: The value of data on abundance","volume":"5","author":"Howard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arenas-Castro, S., Regos, A., Gon\u00e7alves, J.F., Alcaraz-Segura, D., and Honrado, J. (2019). Remotely sensed variables of ecosystem functioning support robust predictions of abundance patterns for rare species. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11182086"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2005.08.007","article-title":"Using coarse-grained occurrence data to predict species distributions at finer spatial resolutions\u2014possibilities and limitations","volume":"192","author":"McPherson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.09.014","article-title":"Remote sensing for conservation monitoring: Assessing protected areas, habitat extent, habitat condition, species diversity, and threats","volume":"33","author":"Nagendra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-012-0370-7","article-title":"The ecosystem functioning dimension in conservation: Insights from remote sensing","volume":"21","author":"Cabello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00009","article-title":"Improving models of species ecological niches: A remote sensing overview","volume":"7","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"86","article-title":"Potential of satellite-derived ecosystem functional attributes to anticipate species range shifts","volume":"57","author":"Lomba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regos, A., G\u00f3mez-Rodr\u00edguez, P., Arenas-Castro, S., Tapia, L., Vidal, M., and Dom\u00ednguez, J. (2020). Model-Assisted Bird Monitoring Based on Remotely Sensed Ecosystem Functioning and Atlas Data. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12162549"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1890\/06-1870.1","article-title":"Animal habitat quality and ecosystem functioning: Exploring seasonal patterns using NDVI","volume":"78","author":"Wiegand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Cramp, S., and Simmons, K.E.L. (1983). Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"444","article-title":"Family Scolopacidae (sandpipers, snipes and phalaropes)","volume":"Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks","author":"Elliott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Handbook of the Birds of the World"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.2002.004","article-title":"Temporal variation in annual survival probability of the Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola wintering in France","volume":"8","author":"Tavecchia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-010-0475-9","article-title":"Origin and migration of woodcock Scolopax rusticola wintering in Spain","volume":"57","author":"Ferrand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.12657","article-title":"Effect of weather conditions on the spring migration of Eurasian Woodcock and consequences for breeding","volume":"161","author":"Hoodless","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5735\/086.047.0305","article-title":"Habitat change and timing of dusk flight in the Eurasian woodcock: A trade-off between feeding and predator avoidance?","volume":"47","author":"Prieto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Zool. Fenn."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2004.08.011","article-title":"Habitat selection of the Eurasian woodcock in winter in relation to earthworms availability","volume":"122","author":"Duriez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1080\/11250003.2013.805827","article-title":"Abiotic factors and autumn migration phenology of Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola Linnaeus, 1758, Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) in a Mediterranean area","volume":"80","author":"Birtsas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ital. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Duriez, O. (2003). Individual Wintering Strategies in the Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola: Energetic Trade-Offs for Habitat Selection. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\u00e9 de Paris VI]."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00063650802674768","article-title":"Densities and population estimates of breeding Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola in Britain in 2003","volume":"56","author":"Hoodless","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bird Study"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2015.1092497","article-title":"Current status and recent trend of the Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola as a breeding bird in Britain","volume":"62","author":"Heward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bird Study"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"125","article-title":"R\u00e9gime alimentaire diurne de la B\u00e9casse des bois (Scolopax rusticola) en hivernage: Approche quantitative","volume":"4","author":"Granval","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gibier Faune Sauvag."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-011-1204-4","article-title":"Escape migration decisions in Eurasian Woodcocks: Insights from survival analyses using large-scale recovery data","volume":"65","author":"Ferrand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"115","article-title":"Elements for a woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) management plan","volume":"18","author":"Ferrand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Game Wildl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac9180","article-title":"Protected areas and global conservation of migratory birds","volume":"350","author":"Runge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.2001.017","article-title":"Sustainable exploitation: A review of principles and methods","volume":"7","author":"Sutherland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A., and de Juana, E. Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), version 1.0. Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available online: https:\/\/birdsoftheworld.org\/bow\/species\/eurwoo\/cur\/introduction."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"del Moral, J.C. (2003). Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de Espa\u00f1a, Direcci\u00f3n General de Conservaci\u00f3n de la Naturaleza SEO\/Birdlife."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-013-0742-7","article-title":"A stable isotope (\u03b4 2 H) approach to deriving origins of harvested woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) taken in France","volume":"59","author":"Hobson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2019, December 10). BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World, Bird Species Distribution Maps of the World, Version 2019.1. Available online: http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/requestdis."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2020, January 10). European Commission, E.E. Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (2016)\u2014Statistical Units. Available online: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/88u\/dataset\/ESTAT-NUTS-classification."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Skovsneppen (Scolopax rusticola) som ynglefugl I Danmark","volume":"19","author":"Clausager","year":"1972","journal-title":"Dan. Vildtundersogelser"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Schally, G., Katona, K., Bleier, N., and Szemethy, L. (2013). Habitat selection of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola during the spring migration period in Hungary. Modern Aspects of Sustainable Management of Game Population, Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Hunting, Novi Sad, Serbia, 17\u201320 October 2013, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Novi Sad."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1987.tb03181.x","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of habitat preferences of Woodcock Scolopax rusticola in the breeding season","volume":"129","author":"Hirons","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2007.00725.x","article-title":"Habitat selection and foraging behaviour of breeding Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola: A comparison between contrasting landscapes","volume":"149","author":"Hoodless","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Gossmann, F., Ferrand, Y., Loidon, Y., and Sardet, G. (1988, January 14\u201316). M\u00e9thodes et r\u00e9sultats de baguages des b\u00e9casses des bois (Scolopax rusticola) en Bretagne. Proceedings of the Third European Woodcock and Snipe Workshop, Paris, France."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Hirons, G., and Bickford-Smith, P. (1983). The diet and behaviour of Eurasian woodcock wintering in Cornwall. Second European Woodcock and Snipe Workshop, International Waterfowl Research Bureau."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Nagy, S., Flink, S., and Langendoen, T. (2015, January 9\u201314). Report on the conservation status of migratory waterbirds in the agreement area. Proceedings of the 6th Meeting of the Parties under the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, Bonn, Germany."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Wetlands International (2020, March 20). Waterbird Population Estimates. Available online: http:\/\/wpe.wetlands.org\/."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, D.A.R., Rodrigues, T.M., Pennacchini, P., Lepetit, J.-P., Taaffe, L., Tuti, M., Meunier, B., Campana, J.-P., Gregori, G., and Pellegrini, A. (2017, January 24\u201327). Survey of Wintering Eurasian Woodcock in Western Europe. Proceedings of the Eleventh American Woodcock Symposium, Roscommon, MI, USA."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"19","article-title":"A census method for roding Eurasian Woodcock in France","volume":"16","author":"Ferrand","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"4","article-title":"Spring migration of the Woodcock, Scolopax rusticola, and roding in Russia in 2004","volume":"30","author":"Fokin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Woodcock Snipe Spec. Group Newsl."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2981\/11-058","article-title":"Responses of Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola to simulated hunting disturbance","volume":"19","author":"Ferrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5751\/ACE-01096-120221","article-title":"Factors influencing mobility and survival of Eurasian Woodcock wintering in Spain","volume":"12","author":"Caro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avian Conserv. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"BirdLife International (2020, June 12). Species Factsheet: Scolopax rusticola. Available online: http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/factsheet\/eurasian-woodcock-scolopax-rusticola."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Ferrand, Y., Gossmann, F., Bastat, C., and Gu\u00e9n\u00e9zan, M. (2006). What census method for migrating and wintering Woodcock populations?. Sixth European Woodcock and Snipe Workshop, Proceedings of the an International Symposium of the Wetlands International Woodcock and Snipe Specialist Group, Nantes, France, 25\u201327 November 2003, International Wader Studies."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"44","article-title":"Monitoring of the wintering and breeding Woodcock populations in France","volume":"24","author":"Ferrand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Catalana d\u2019Ornitologia"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Ferrand, Y., Aubry, P., Gossmann, F., Bastat, C., and Gu\u00e9n\u00e9zan, M. (2006, January 3\u20136). Monitoring of the European woodcock populations, with special reference to France. Proceedings of the Tenth American Woodcock Symposium, Roscommon, MI, USA."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Vermote, E. (2020, January 15). MOD09A1 MODIS\/Terra Surface Reflectance 8-Day L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006. Data Set, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, Available online: https:\/\/lpdaac.usgs.gov\/products\/mod09a1v006\/."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Wan, Z., Hook, S., and Hulley, G. (2020, January 15). MOD11A2 MODIS\/Terra Land Surface Temperature\/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006. Data Set, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, Available online: https:\/\/lpdaac.usgs.gov\/products\/mod11a2v006\/."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00096-2","article-title":"Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices","volume":"83","author":"Huete","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Schaaf, C.B., Friedl, M.A., Strahler, A.H., Gao, F., and Hodges, J.C. (2002, January 24\u201328). MODIS tasseled cap transformation and its utility. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Toronto, ON, Canada."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.06.031","article-title":"Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone","volume":"202","author":"Gorelick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Wickham, H., and Francois, R. (2021, September 10). Dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. R Package, Version 0.4.3. Available online: http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=dplyr."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2021, September 10). Tidyr: Easily Tidy Data with \u2018Spread()\u2019 and \u2018Gather()\u2019 Functions. R Package, Version 0.4.1. Available online: http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=tidyr."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, D., and Rodrigues, T.M. (2020, June 20). FANBPO Annual Report on Woodcock (FAROW)\u20142015\u20132016 Hunting Season. Federation of Western Palearctic National Woodcock Hunters Associations (FANBPO). Available online: https:\/\/www.fanbpo.org\/uploaded\/2014-2015-farow-report-v2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Gelman, A., and SU, Y.-S. (2021, September 16). Arm: Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel\/Hierarchical Models. R Package, Version 1.8-6. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=arm."},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"Naimi, B. (2021, September 10). usdm: Uncertainty Analysis for Species Distribution Models. R Package, Version 1.1\u201318. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=usdm."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x","article-title":"Collinearity: A review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance","volume":"36","author":"Dormann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12123","article-title":"Prevalence, thresholds and the performance of presence\u2013absence models","volume":"5","author":"Lawson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478363","article-title":"Performance of some resistant rules for outlier labeling","volume":"81","author":"Hoaglin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1080\/02664763.2010.545119","article-title":"Features and performance of some outlier detection methods","volume":"38","author":"Barbato","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Stat."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"performance: An R Package for Assessment, Comparisonand Testing of Statistical Models","volume":"6","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Barton, K., and Barton, M.K. (2021, September 10). MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R Package, Version 1.15.1. Available online: http:\/\/r-forge.r-project.org\/projects\/mumin\/."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R. (2002). Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, Springer. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"626","article-title":"Rectangular confidence regions for the means of multivariate normal distributions","volume":"62","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Wickham, H., Chang, W., and Wickham, M.H. (2021, September 10). Package ggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics. R package, Version 2.1. Available online: https:\/\/ggplot2.tidyverse.org\/."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Aphalo, P.J. (2021, October 15). Ggpmisc: Miscellaneous Extensions to \u2018Ggplot2\u2019. R Package, Version 0.4.3. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=ggpmisc."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Wilke, C.O., and Wilke, M.C.O. (2021, October 15). Cowplot: Streamlined Plot Theme and Plot Annotations for \u2018ggplot2. R Package, Version 1.1.0. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=cowplot."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2009.319","article-title":"A method for implementing a statistically significant number of data classes in the Jenks algorithm","volume":"Volume 1","author":"North","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 Sixth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1601360","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601360","article-title":"Resource tracking within and across continents in long-distance bird migrants","volume":"3","author":"Thorup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2010.08.024","article-title":"Heat waves measured with MODIS land surface temperature data predict changes in avian community structure","volume":"115","author":"Albright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13415","article-title":"Integrating intraseasonal grassland dynamics in cross-scale distribution modeling to support waterbird recovery plans","volume":"34","author":"Regos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2004.12.002","article-title":"Future scenarios of European agricultural land use: II. Projecting changes in cropland and grassland","volume":"107","author":"Rounsevell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2007.00775.x","article-title":"Habitat change and woodland birds in Britain: Implications for management and future research","volume":"149","author":"Fuller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2011.00179.x","article-title":"Challenging claims in the study of migratory birds and climate change","volume":"86","author":"Knudsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1778","article-title":"Climate warming, ecological mismatch at arrival and population decline in migratory birds","volume":"278","author":"Saino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02552.x","article-title":"The fate of European breeding birds under climate, land-use and dispersal scenarios","volume":"18","author":"Thuiller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-016-1206-7","article-title":"Exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat suitability to improve conservation management of a vulnerable plant species","volume":"25","author":"Alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40766-5","article-title":"Effects of species traits and environmental predictors on performance and transferability of ecological niche models","volume":"9","author":"Regos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-015-0918-4","article-title":"Predicting winter abundance of woodcock Scolopax rusticola using weather data: Implications for hunting management","volume":"61","author":"Arroyo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2307\/1146","article-title":"Periodic fluctuations in British game populations","volume":"3","author":"Middleton","year":"1934","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2003.12072.x","article-title":"Are indirect measures of abundance a useful index of population density? The case of red grouse harvesting","volume":"100","author":"Cattadori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Main landscape metrics affecting abundance and diversity of game species in a semi-arid agroecosystem in the Mediterranean region","volume":"9","author":"Peiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahdianpari, M., Salehi, B., Mohammadimanesh, F., Homayouni, S., and Gill, E. (2019). The first wetland inventory map of Newfoundland at a spatial resolution of 10 m using sentinel-1 and sentinel-2 data on the google earth engine cloud computing platform. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11010043"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/463\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:04:05Z","timestamp":1760133845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14030463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14030463","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]}}}