{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T20:10:57Z","timestamp":1768680657486,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41875029, 41627807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875029, 41627807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B 13045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B 13045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Gansu Province","award":["18JR2RA013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JR2RA013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lzujbky-2021-kb12, lzujbky-2021-kb02, lzujbky-2021-sp04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2021-kb12, lzujbky-2021-kb02, lzujbky-2021-sp04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have shown that dust aerosols may accelerate the melting of snow and glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau. To investigate the vertical structure of dust aerosols, we conducted a ground-based observation by using multi-wavelength polarization lidar which is designed for continuous network measurements. In this study, we used the lidar observation from September to October 2020 at the Ruoqiang site (39.0\u00b0N, 88.2\u00b0E; 894 m ASL), located at the junction of the Taklimakan Desert\u2013Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that dust aerosols can be lifted up to 5 km from the ground, which is comparable with the elevation of the Tibetan Plateau in autumn with a mass concentration of 400\u2013900 \u03bcg m\u22123. Moreover, the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) of the lifted dust aerosols at 532 nm and 355 nm are 0.34 \u00b1 0.03 and 0.25 \u00b1 0.04, respectively, indicating the high degree of non-sphericity in shape. In addition, extinction-related \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponents are very small (0.11 \u00b1 0.24), implying the large values in size. Based on ground-based lidar observation, this study proved that coarse non-spherical Taklimakan dust with high concentration can be transported to the Tibetan Plateau, suggesting its possible impacts on the regional climate and ecosystem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T21:07:11Z","timestamp":1643144831000},"page":"558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Polarization Lidar Measurements of Dust Optical Properties at the Junction of the Taklimakan Desert\u2013Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingqing","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Wuren","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0924-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Jianrong","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"given":"Jinsen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for West Ecological Safety (CIWES), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004920","article-title":"Model study on particle size segregation and deposition during Asian dust events in March 2002","volume":"109","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeolia.2013.09.002","article-title":"The size distribution of desert dust aerosols and its impact on the Earth system","volume":"15","author":"Mahowald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aeolian Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-8152(03)00114-2","article-title":"Long-term simulation of global dust distribution with the GOCART model: Correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation","volume":"19","author":"Ginoux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeolia.2011.02.001","article-title":"Dust cycle: An emerging core theme in Earth system science","volume":"2","author":"Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aeolian Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2019.12.022","article-title":"Taklimakan desert carbon-sink decreases under climate change","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dynatmoce.2014.07.002","article-title":"A global satellite view of the seasonal distribution of mineral dust and its correlation with atmospheric circulation","volume":"68","author":"Sturman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dyn. Atmos. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2012.08.006","article-title":"Effect of non-spherical dust aerosol on its direct radiative forcing","volume":"120\u2013121","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-5489-2013","article-title":"Modeling the radiative effects of desert dust on weather and regional climate","volume":"13","author":"Spyrou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2912","article-title":"Smaller desert dust cooling effect estimated from analysis of dust size and abundance","volume":"10","author":"Kok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15501","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-15501-2016","article-title":"Comparison of key absorption and optical properties between pure and transported anthropogenic dust over East and Central Asia","volume":"16","author":"Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7775","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-7775-2017","article-title":"Measurement of scattering and absorption properties of dust aerosol in a Gobi farmland region of northwestern China\u2014A potential anthropogenic influence","volume":"17","author":"Bi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227279","article-title":"Dust and biological aerosols from the Sahara and Asia influence precipitation in the Western U.S","volume":"340","author":"Creamean","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11217","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910818107","article-title":"Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate","volume":"107","author":"DeMott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13026","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD030758","article-title":"East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols and their Impact on Regional Clouds, Precipitation, and Climate (EAST-AIRCPC)","volume":"124","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6863","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-6863-2010","article-title":"Dust aerosol effect on semi-arid climate over Northwest China detected from A-Train satellite measurements","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evy134","article-title":"Global Ramifications of Dust and Sandstorm Microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Behzad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-006-0723-2","article-title":"Dust storm in Asia continent and its bio-environmental effects in the North Pacific: A case study of the strongest dust event in April, 2001 in central Asia","volume":"51","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.061","article-title":"Monitoring the impact of desert dust outbreaks for air quality for health studies","volume":"130","author":"Querol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.09.025","article-title":"What do we know about effects of desert dust on air quality and human health in West Africa compared to other regions?","volume":"409","author":"Hountondji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GH000170","article-title":"Impact of Deadly Dust Storms (May 2018) on Air Quality, Meteorological, and Atmospheric Parameters Over the Northern Parts of India","volume":"3","author":"Sarkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.10.011","article-title":"Desert dust and human health disorders","volume":"63","author":"Goudie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2006.02.002","article-title":"A numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget","volume":"52","author":"Tanaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Change"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-014-1080-8","article-title":"Formation and evolution of sand deserts in Xinjiang, Northwest China: I. Provenances of desert sands","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL054406","article-title":"Soil-derived sulfate in atmospheric dust particles at Taklimakan desert","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-008-0906-7","article-title":"An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over the loess plateau","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2018.04.013","article-title":"Dust modeling over East Asia during the summer of 2010 using the WRF-Chem model","volume":"213","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-2869-2008","article-title":"Adjoint inversion modeling of Asian dust emission using lidar observations","volume":"8","author":"Yumimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"238","article-title":"Climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asian arid and semiarid regions","volume":"175","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.10.038","article-title":"Source and transportation of summer dust over the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"123","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114018","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/11\/114018","article-title":"Short-cut transport path for Asian dust directly to the Arctic: A case study","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-18-0361.1","article-title":"Influence of dynamic and thermal forcing on the meridional transport of Taklimakan Desert dust in spring and summer","volume":"32","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL029938","article-title":"Summer dust aerosols detected from CALIPSO over the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12581","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-12581-2015","article-title":"Modeling study on the transport of summer dust and anthropogenic aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020JD032458","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JD032458","article-title":"Impacts of Two East Asian Atmospheric Circulation Modes on Black Carbon Aerosol Over the Tibetan Plateau in Winter","volume":"125","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD011039","article-title":"Effects of soot-induced snow albedo change on snowpack and hydrological cycle in western United States based on weather research and forecasting chemistry and regional climate simulations","volume":"114","author":"Qian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, W.K.M., Kim, M.K., Kim, K.M., and Lee, W.S. (2010). Enhanced surface warming and accelerated snow melt in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau induced by absorbing aerosols. Environ. Res. Lett., 5.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/5\/2\/025204"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.118166","article-title":"Asian dust impacts on heterogeneous ice formation at Wuhan based on polarization lidar measurements","volume":"246","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-13-309-2019","article-title":"Quantifying the light absorption and source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles on Tibetan Plateau glaciers between 2013 and 2015","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-015-1537-4","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variations of blowing dust events in the Taklimakan Desert","volume":"125","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-008-0415-8","article-title":"Dust storms evolution in Taklimakan Desert and its correlation with climatic parameters","volume":"18","author":"Xiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-13-2125-2020","article-title":"WRF-Chem v3.9 simulations of the East Asian dust storm in May 2017: Modeling sensitivities to dust emission and dry deposition schemes","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019JD032228","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD032228","article-title":"Direct Radiative Forcing Induced by Light-Absorbing Aerosols in Different Climate Regions Over East Asia","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.125","article-title":"De-coupling interannual variations of vertical dust extinction over the Taklimakan Desert during 2007\u20132016 using CALIOP","volume":"633","author":"Nan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.02.004","article-title":"Seasonal and vertical distributions of aerosol type extinction coefficients with an emphasis on the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Taklimakan Desert in Northwest China","volume":"203","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8169","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-8169-2021","article-title":"Contribution of the world\u2019s main dust source regions to the global cycle of desert dust","volume":"21","author":"Kok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13351-014-3068-9","article-title":"Lidar methods for observing mineral dust","volume":"28","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Z., Huang, J., Bi, J., Wang, G., Wang, W., Fu, Q., Li, Z., Tsay, S.-C., and Shi, J. (2010). Dust aerosol vertical structure measurements using three MPL lidars during 2008 China-U.S. joint dust field experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 115.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD013273"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23461","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.430456","article-title":"Classification of atmospheric aerosols and clouds by use of dual-polarization lidar measurements","volume":"29","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2017.04.004","article-title":"Observations of aerosol color ratio and depolarization ratio over Wuhan","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-2981-2021","article-title":"Measurement report: Characteristics of clear-day convective boundary layer and associated entrainment zone as observed by a ground-based polarization lidar over Wuhan","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38512","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.440017","article-title":"Development of an all-day portable polarization lidar system based on the division-of-focal-plane scheme for atmospheric polarization measurements","volume":"29","author":"Kong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, T., Xie, H., Bi, J., Huang, Z., Huang, J., Shi, J., Zhang, B., and Zhang, W. (2018). Lidar Measurements of Dust Aerosols during Three Field Campaigns in 2010, 2011 and 2012 over Northwestern China. Atmosphere, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos9050173"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"121","article-title":"Validation of the dust layer structure over the Taklimakan Desert, China by the CALIOP space-borne lidar using ground-based lidar","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Online Lett. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2151\/sola.2005-006","article-title":"Observed Dust Storm in the Taklimakan Desert on April 13, 2002","volume":"1","author":"Tsunematsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sola"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.23.000652","article-title":"Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: Some comments","volume":"23","author":"Fernald","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<2089:MLSUA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Micropulse lidar signals: Uncertainty analysis","volume":"19","author":"Welton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.41.002760","article-title":"Extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Asian dust observed with high-spectral-resolution lidar and Raman lidar","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2008.00396.x","article-title":"Depolarization ratio profiling at several wavelengths in pure Saharan dust during SAMUM 2006","volume":"61","author":"Freudenthaler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tellus Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31781","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900503","article-title":"Application of lidar depolarization measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer: Effects of dust and sea-salt particles","volume":"104","author":"Murayama","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.10.000805","article-title":"Calculation of the calibration constant of polarization lidar and its dependency on atmospheric temperature","volume":"10","author":"Behrendt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH1872.1","article-title":"Calibration technique for polarization-sensitive lidars","volume":"23","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7468","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.45.007468","article-title":"Characteristics of dust aerosols inferred from lidar depolarization measurements at two wavelengths","volume":"45","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10767","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-10767-2017","article-title":"Triple-wavelength depolarization-ratio profiling of Saharan dust over Barbados during SALTRACE in 2013 and 2014","volume":"17","author":"Haarig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v16i1.8885","article-title":"The parameters of atmospheric turbidity","volume":"16","year":"1964","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL030135","article-title":"Initial performance assessment of CALIOP","volume":"34","author":"Winker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., Han, Y., Hua, W., Tang, J., Huang, J., Zhou, T., Huang, Z., Bi, J., and Xie, H. (2021). Profiling dust mass concentration in northwest china using a joint lidar and sun-photometer setting. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061099"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7028","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.390475","article-title":"Investigation of aerosol absorption with dual-polarization lidar observations","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17125","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913139107","article-title":"Response of Colorado river runoff to dust radiative forcing in snow","volume":"107","author":"Painter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeolia.2014.11.001","article-title":"Snow-Dust Storm: Unique case study from Iceland, March 6-7, 2013","volume":"16","author":"Arnalds","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aeolian Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13817","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-13817-2020","article-title":"The characterization of Taklamakan dust properties using a multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar in Kashi, China","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9265","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-9265-2020","article-title":"Optical properties of Central Asian aerosol relevant for spaceborne lidar applications and aerosol typing at 355 and 532\u2009nm","volume":"20","author":"Hofer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14559","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-14559-2017","article-title":"Long-term profiling of mineral dust and pollution aerosol with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at the Central Asian site of Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Case studies","volume":"17","author":"Hofer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7013","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-7013-2016","article-title":"Retrieval of optical and physical properties of African dust from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements during the SHADOW campaign in Senegal","volume":"16","author":"Veselovskii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00556.x","article-title":"Characterization of Saharan dust, marine aerosols and mixtures of biomass-burning aerosols and dust by means of multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman lidar measurements during SAMUM 2","volume":"63","author":"Tesche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tellus Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-instrumental observation of an exceptionally strong Saharan dust outbreak over Portugal","volume":"116","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00548.x","article-title":"Profiling of Saharan dust and biomass-burning smoke with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Cape Verde","volume":"63","author":"Tesche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tellus Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-006-0159-z","article-title":"Ice-free glacial northern Asia due to dust deposition on snow","volume":"27","author":"Krinner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Z., Xie, X., Li, X., Yang, L., Xie, X., Lei, J., Sha, Y., and Liu, X. (2018). Snow-darkening versus direct radiative effects of mineral dust aerosol on the Indian summer monsoon: Role of the Tibetan Plateau. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-2018-471"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2012WR011986","article-title":"Dust radiative forcing in snow of the Upper Colorado River Basin: 2. Interannual variability in radiative forcing and snowmelt rates","volume":"48","author":"Skiles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1017\/jog.2016.125","article-title":"Daily evolution in dust and black carbon content, snow grain size, and snow albedo during snowmelt, Rocky Mountains, Colorado","volume":"63","author":"Skiles","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/558\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:07:15Z","timestamp":1760134035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14030558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14030558","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]}}}