{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:57:13Z","timestamp":1774436233750,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFB2300501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2300501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2018JY0564, 2019ZDZX0042, 2020JDTD0003, 2020YJ0322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JY0564, 2019ZDZX0042, 2020JDTD0003, 2020YJ0322"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Being built on the reclamation area, Shanghai Pudong International Airport (SPIA) has been undergoing uneven subsidence since the beginning of its operation in 1999. In order to explore the evolution characteristics of ground deformation in the SPIA reclamation area and further provide assurance for the airport\u2019s safe operation, 141 Sentinel-1A images from October 2016 to September 2021 were selected to acquire time-series ground deformation observations by the StaMPS PSI processing procedure. We subsequently built a ground deformation prediction model using the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network for the short-term prediction of the SPIA deformation severity area. On this basis, the spatial-temporal evolution trends of SPIA ground deformation in the reclamation area were revealed concerning the influence and mode of action of geological conditions and environmental factors. Finally, we proposed targeted recommendations and strategies for the comprehensive ground deformation prevention and control needs of SPIA. The results indicated that the SPIA exhibits overall subsidence in the eastern part, with the maximum deformation rate reaching \u221257.29 mm\/a. Meanwhile, the central and western part has a local uplift with the maximum deformation rate reaching 32.76 mm\/a. The proposed LSTM ground deformation prediction model demonstrated excellent robustness in the region of uneven deformation, and the prediction results were in high agreement with the StaMPS PSI monitoring results. The time-series observations and prediction results are expected to provide references for the expansion project of SPIA and help the research of ground deformation and prevention in related fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:01:57Z","timestamp":1643320917000},"page":"610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Ground Deformation Pattern Analysis and Evolution Prediction of Shanghai Pudong International Airport Based on PSI Long Time Series Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"},{"name":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"given":"Age","family":"Shama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"given":"Lingxiao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2082-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jichao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renzhe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"given":"Guoxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"},{"name":"State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257258","article-title":"Rethinking China\u2019s new great wall","volume":"346","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.12.015","article-title":"Building beyond land: An overview of coastal land reclamation in 16 global megacities","volume":"90","author":"Sengupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn Ant\u00f3n, M., Negro, V., del Campo, J.M., L\u00f3pez-Guti\u00e9rrez, J.S., and Esteban, M.D. (2016). Review of coastal land reclamation situation in the world. J. Coast. Res., 667\u2013671.","DOI":"10.2112\/SI75-133.1"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111976","article-title":"Two decades of settlement of hong kong international airport measured with multi-temporal InSAR","volume":"248","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.24043\/isj.25","article-title":"Urban morphology and urban fragmentation in Macau, China: Island city development in the Pearl River Delta megacity region","volume":"12","author":"Sheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isl. Stod. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Liao, M., Wang, H., Zhang, L., and Balz, T. (2016). Deformation monitoring and analysis of the geological environment of Pudong international airport with persistent scatterer SAR interferometry. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8121021"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, L., Yang, T., Zhao, Q., Pepe, A., Dong, H., and Sun, Z. (2017, January 1). Residual settlements detection of ocean reclaimed lands with multi-platform SAR time series and SBAS technique: A case study of Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Proceedings of the Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability XIV, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2273107"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, L., Zhu, L., Wang, W., Guo, L., and Chen, B. (2020). Land subsidence related to coal mining in China revealed by L-band InSAR analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041170"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, W., Zhang, R., Liu, G., Wang, X., Mao, W., Zhang, B., Fu, Y., and Wu, T. (2021). Saline-Soil Deformation Extraction Based on an Improved Time-Series InSAR Approach. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10030112"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2010.2067446","article-title":"Exploration of subsidence estimation by persistent scatterer InSAR on time series of high resolution TerraSAR-X images","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2019.1606468","article-title":"Application of particle swarm optimization to the estimation of the TSInSAR deformation parameter","volume":"10","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karamvasis, K., and Karathanassi, V. (2020). Performance Analysis of Open Source Time Series InSAR Methods for Deformation Monitoring over a Broader Mining Region. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091380"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2256428","article-title":"Detecting subsidence in coastal areas by ultrashort-baseline TCPInSAR on the time series of high-resolution TerraSAR-X images","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L23611","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021737","article-title":"A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers","volume":"31","author":"Hooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2011.10.013","article-title":"Recent advances in SAR interferometry time series analysis for measuring crustal deformation","volume":"514","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, G., Zhao, Q., Wang, Q., and Liu, M. (2018). On the effects of InSAR temporal decorrelation and its implications for land cover classification: The case of the ocean-reclaimed lands of the Shanghai megacity. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092939"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"238","article-title":"55-year (1960\u20132015) spatiotemporal shoreline change analysis using historical DISP and Landsat time series data in Shanghai","volume":"68","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.87.2.105","article-title":"Reclaimed-Airport Surface-Deformation Monitoring by Improved Permanent-Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic-Aperture Radar: A Case Study of Shenzhen Bao\u2019an International Airport, China","volume":"87","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10872-011-0034-3","article-title":"InSAR detection of residual settlement of an ocean reclamation engineering project: A case study of Hong Kong International Airport","volume":"67","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2016.1230084","article-title":"CryoSheds: A GIS modeling framework for delineating land-ice watersheds for the Greenland ice sheet","volume":"53","author":"Pitcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"GISci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"695","article-title":"Three-dimensional numerical modeling of land subsidence in Shanghai, China","volume":"24","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hydrol. J."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"845","article-title":"Surface subsidence monitoring and prediction based on PS-InSAR technology and genetic neural network algorithm","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6919","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2021.1947540","article-title":"Prediction of InSAR deformation time-series using a long short-term memory neural network","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"102422","article-title":"Monitoring, analyzing and predicting urban surface subsidence: A case study of Wuhan City, China","volume":"102","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"396","article-title":"Time series prediction method of large-scale surface subsidence based on deep learning","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Geod. Cartogr. Sin."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"82","article-title":"Analysis of Financial Statements\u2014Shanghai Airport as an Example","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Technol. Forum"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2022, January 10). The Silver Gull Spreads Its Wings, the Blue Sky Is Connected with the Yellow earth, and the Scenery and Services Are Beautiful Together. Available online: http:\/\/shanghai.xinmin.cn\/msrx\/2017\/09\/10\/31271572.html."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2022, January 10). Deciphering the \u201cCode\u201d of Pudong Airport II. Available online: http:\/\/news.sina.com.cn\/c\/2006-01-18\/11308902649.shtml."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"2050","article-title":"Attribution Analysis on Deformation Feature of the ShanghaiElevated Highway by Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geomat. Inf. Sci. Wuhan Univ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JB004763","article-title":"Persistent scatterer InSAR for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volc\u00e1n Alcedo, Gal\u00e1pagos","volume":"112","author":"Hooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. B"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.10.037","article-title":"Monitoring land subsidence in the southern part of the lower Liaohe plain, China with a multi-track PS-InSAR technique","volume":"188","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/36.898661","article-title":"Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry","volume":"39","author":"Ferretti","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dwivedi, R., Varshney, P., Tiwari, A., Narayan, A.B., Singh, A.K., Dikshit, O., and Pallav, K. (April, January 30). Monitoring of landslides in Nainital, Uttarakhand, India: Validation of PS-InSAR results. Proceedings of the 2015 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE), Lausanne, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1109\/JURSE.2015.7120538"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, L., Guan, L., Qu, L., and Guo, D. (2020). Prediction of Sea Surface Temperature in the China Seas Based on Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172697"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111716","article-title":"Deep learning in environmental remote sensing: Achievements and challenges","volume":"241","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8679","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3106666","article-title":"HLSTM: Heterogeneous Long Short-Term Memory Network for Large-Scale InSAR Ground Subsidence Prediction","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735","article-title":"Long short-term memory","volume":"9","author":"Hochreiter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, M., Yang, T., Zhang, L., Lin, J., Qin, X., and Liao, M. (2018). Spatio-temporal characterization of a reclamation settlement in the Shanghai coastal area with time series analyses of X-, C-, and L-band SAR datasets. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020329"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, D.A., and B\u00fcrgmann, R. (2003). Time-dependent land uplift and subsidence in the Santa Clara valley, California, from a large interferometric synthetic aperture radar data set. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 108.","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB002267"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, L., Yang, T., Zhao, Q., Liu, M., and Pepe, A. (2017). The 2015\u20132016 ground displacements of the Shanghai coastal area inferred from a combined COSMO-SkyMed\/Sentinel-1 DInSAR analysis. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9111194"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Liu, D. (2018). Settlement Deformation Characteristics of Soft Soil and Its Control Measures of the Four Runway of Pudong Airport. [Ph.D. Thesis, China University of Mining & Technology]."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Kingma, D.P., and Ba, J. (2014). Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"33","article-title":"1D analysis of land subsidence in Shanghai","volume":"7","author":"Chai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lowl. Technol. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.10.P.046","article-title":"Compression behaviour of natural and reconstituted clays","volume":"62","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"G\u00e9otechnique"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-018-3276-1","article-title":"A method predicting pumping-induced ground settlement using back-analysis and its application in the Karla region of Greece","volume":"92","author":"Stamatopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz-Zamora, D., and Ortega-Guerrero, A. (2010). Evolution of long-term land subsidence near Mexico City: Review, field investigations, and predictive simulations. Water Resour. Res., 46.","DOI":"10.1029\/2008WR007398"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanari, R., Berardino, P., Bonano, M., Casu, F., Manconi, A., Manunta, M., Manzo, M., Pepe, A., Pepe, S., and Sansosti, E. (2010). Surface displacements associated with the L\u2019Aquila 2009 Mw 6.3 earthquake (central Italy): New evidence from SBAS-DInSAR time series analysis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37.","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL044780"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2006.03.536","article-title":"Re-assessing the impact of desalination plants brine discharges on eroding beaches","volume":"204","author":"Purnama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-6997(02)00082-0","article-title":"Airport construction: Materials use and geomorphic change","volume":"9","author":"Douglas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Air Transp. Manag."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Shen, S. (2008). Geological environmental character of Lin-Gang new city and its influences to the construction. Shanghai Geol., 1."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Terzaghi, K., Peck, R.B., and Mesri, G. (1996). Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crosetto, M., Monserrat, O., Cuevas-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Devanth\u00e9ry, N., and Crippa, B. (2013, January 1\u201324). Analysis of X-Band Very High Resolution Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Data Over Urban Areas. Proceedings of the ISPRS\u2014International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Hannover, Germany.","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-1-W1-47-2013"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.05.006","article-title":"Measuring thermal expansion using X-band persistent scatterer interferometry","volume":"100","author":"Crosetto","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5041774","article-title":"Deformation trend extraction based on multi-temporal InSAR in Shanghai","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Wang, H. (2013). The Risk Assessment System and RiskManagement of Land Subsidence in Shanghai. [Ph.D. Thesis, Shanghai University]."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"243","article-title":"Characterization of land subsidence during recovery of groundwater levels in Shanghai","volume":"21","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geol. J. China Univ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2017.07.011","article-title":"Groundwater level responses to precipitation variability in Mediterranean insular aquifers","volume":"552","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, P., Zhang, G., Xu, Y.J., Wang, L., Ding, C., and Cheng, C. (2018). Assessing the influence of precipitation on shallow groundwater table response using a combination of singular value decomposition and cross-wavelet approaches. Water, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/w10050598"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103143","article-title":"Measurement of city sustainability based on the grey relational analysis: The case of 15 sub-provincial cities in China","volume":"73","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.116306","article-title":"Enhancing building energy performance by effectively using phase change material and dynamic insulation in walls","volume":"283","author":"Kishore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10715","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70810715","article-title":"Monitoring ground subsidence in Hong Kong via spaceborne Radar: Experiments and validation","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/610\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:08:55Z","timestamp":1760134135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14030610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14030610","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]}}}