{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T15:34:36Z","timestamp":1771515276828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["Grant No. 2016YFC1402003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2016YFC1402003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. 41671436 and Grant No. 41901354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 41671436 and Grant No. 41901354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Innovation Project of LREIS","award":["Grant No. O88RAA01YA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. O88RAA01YA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Offshore marine aquaculture can not only provide a large amount of high-quality food for humans, but also effectively relieve the pressure on land space. However, it is difficult for traditional statistical data to reflect changes in spatial dynamics in marine aquaculture. It is also difficult to effectively manage marine space development given the current status of spatial planning regarding land\u2013sea integration. This study used multiphase satellite remote sensing images of Shandong Province together with an automatic extraction algorithm for aquaculture to obtain spatial distribution data of marine aquaculture (surface of seawater visible by remote sensing, types of rafts, and cage aquaculture). GIS spatial overlay analysis technology was used to superimpose marine functional zoning (2010\u20132020) data for comparative analysis to evaluate implementation effectiveness and existing problems in marine functional zoning. Results showed that the critical time regarding substantial change in marine aquaculture area was around 2010, concurrent with the implementation of the current round of marine functional areas. The aquaculture area in the agricultural and fishery planning area increased from 228.33 km2 in 2010 to 344.6 km2 in 2018, and the overall proportion of aquaculture increased from 65.53% to 70.48%. This indicated that marine function planning can exert a guiding influence. The port area and protection area were found to be other major areas for the expansion of marine aquaculture. We also used field investigations in uncovering the phenomenon of the combined marine functions of marine aquaculture and tourism. On this basis, the role of spatial information technology in marine spatial planning was analyzed, which revealed the importance of coordinated integration of land\u2013sea space for effective control of marine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:38:40Z","timestamp":1644179920000},"page":"732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Monitoring Marine Aquaculture and Implications for Marine Spatial Planning\u2014An Example from Shandong Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1643-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6776-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Dazhuan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9598-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junmei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185345","article-title":"Sustainability and global seafood","volume":"327","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3828\/tpr.2009.33","article-title":"Built at sea: Marine management and the construction of marine spatial planning","volume":"81","author":"Jay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Town Plan. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/14649357.2013.784348","article-title":"Reconceptualising territoriality and spatial planning: Insights from the sea","volume":"14","author":"Kidd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plan. Theory Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2430","article-title":"Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture","volume":"5","author":"Lawrence","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111772","article-title":"Global consequences of land use","volume":"309","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"3","article-title":"Global-scale patterns of forest fragmentation","volume":"4","author":"Riitters","year":"2000","journal-title":"Conserv. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau3445","article-title":"Classifying drivers of global forest loss","volume":"361","author":"Curtis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704119104","article-title":"The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability","volume":"104","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-8-605-2016","article-title":"Global carbon budget 2016","volume":"8","author":"Quere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac8083","article-title":"Biophysical climate impacts of recent changes in global forest cover","volume":"351","author":"Alkama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0257-9","article-title":"Mapping the global potential for marine aquaculture","volume":"1","author":"Gentry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138042","article-title":"Rapid domestication of marine species","volume":"316","author":"Duarte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/35016500","article-title":"Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies","volume":"405","author":"Naylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"FAO (2016). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, FAO."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"40","article-title":"The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2018","volume":"4","author":"Department","year":"2018","journal-title":"State World Fish. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149345","article-title":"A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems","volume":"319","author":"Halpern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2017.01.006","article-title":"Comments on FAOs state of world fisheries and aquaculture (SOFIA 2016)","volume":"77","author":"Pauly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2008.03.022","article-title":"Key elements and steps in the process of developing ecosystem-based marine spatial planning","volume":"32","author":"Gilliland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottinger, M., Clauss, K., and Kuenzer, C. (2018). Opportunities and challenges for the estimation of aquaculture production based on Earth observation data. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10071076"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/1747423X.2015.1057245","article-title":"The development of aquaculture on the northern coast of Manila Bay (Philippines): An analysis of long-term land-use changes and their causes","volume":"11","author":"Mialhe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Land Use Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottinger, M., Clauss, K., and Kuenzer, C. (2017). Large-scale assessment of coastal aquaculture ponds with sentinel-1 time series data. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9050440"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"12","article-title":"Rapid expansion of coastal aquaculture ponds in China from Landsat observations during 1984\u20132016","volume":"82","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2011.07.013","article-title":"Assessment of aquaculture impact on mangroves of Mahanadi delta (Orissa), East coast of India using remote sensing and GIS","volume":"54","author":"Pattanaik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2015.10.015","article-title":"Aquaculture: Relevance, distribution, impacts and spatial assessments\u2014A review","volume":"119","author":"Ottinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"35","article-title":"Remote sensing detected mariculture changes in Dongshan Bay","volume":"32","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-015-1694-x","article-title":"Interpreting the progressive eutrophication behind the world\u2019s largest macroalgal blooms with water quality and ocean color data","volume":"78","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasad, K.A., Ottinger, M., Wei, C., and Leinenkugel, P. (2019). Assessment of coastal aquaculture for India from sentinel-1 SAR time series. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030357"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.10.008","article-title":"Raft cultivation area extraction from high resolution remote sensing imagery by fusing multi-scale region-line primitive association features","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Y., Deng, J., Ye, Z., Gan, M., Wang, K., Wu, J., Yang, W., and Xiao, G. (2019). Coastal aquaculture mapping from very high spatial resolution imagery by combining object-based neighbor features. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11030637"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2018.1468103","article-title":"Extraction of coastal raft cultivation area with heterogeneous water background by thresholding object-based visually salient NDVI from high spatial resolution imagery","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Sui, L.C., Yang, X.M., Wang, Z.H., Liu, Y.M., Kang, J.M., Lu, C., Yang, F.S., and Liu, B. (2019). Extracting coastal raft aquaculture data from landsat 8 OLI imagery. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051221"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"102118","article-title":"Satellite-based monitoring and statistics for raft and cage aquaculture in China\u2019s offshore waters","volume":"91","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2008.03.021","article-title":"The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management","volume":"32","author":"Douvere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2019.103793","article-title":"Marine spatial planning in Barbuda: A social, ecological, geographic, and legal case study","volume":"113","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-5691(02)00052-2","article-title":"Zoning\u2014Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef marine park","volume":"45","author":"Day","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2006.07.003","article-title":"The role of marine spatial planning in sea use management: The Belgian case","volume":"31","author":"Douvere","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2013.11.003","article-title":"The state of Rhode Island\u2019s pioneering marine spatial plan","volume":"45","author":"Olsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/18366503.2014.888137","article-title":"Oceans governance and marine spatial planning in Australia","volume":"6","author":"Vince","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust. J. Marit. Ocean Aff."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2008.07.004","article-title":"New perspectives on sea use management: Initial findings from European experience with marine spatial planning","volume":"90","author":"Douvere","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2019.103780","article-title":"China\u2019s marine protected area system: Evolution, challenges, and new prospects","volume":"115","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2007.08.002","article-title":"Managing for cumulative impacts in ecosystem-based management through ocean zoning","volume":"51","author":"Halpern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(95)00100-2","article-title":"The environmental impact of marine fish culture: Towards a sustainable future","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"220","article-title":"Investigation of Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. parahaemolyticus in large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson) reared in Xiangshan Bay, China","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquacult. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2010.05.015","article-title":"Recurrence of the world\u2019s largest green-tide in 2009 in Yellow Sea, China: Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts confirmed as nursery for macroalgal blooms","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2019). China Fisheries Yearbook, Government, C.F.S."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.05.012","article-title":"A novel ocean color index to detect floating algae in the global oceans","volume":"113","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2008.06.002","article-title":"The performance of satellite images in mapping aquacultures","volume":"51","author":"Alexandridis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, J.M., Sui, L.C., Yang, X.M., Liu, Y.M., Wang, Z.H., Wang, J., Yang, F.S., Liu, B., and Ma, Y.Z. (2019). Sea surface-visible aquaculture spatial-temporal distribution remote sensing: A case study in Liaoning province, China from 2000 to 2018. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11247186"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, M., Chen, Y., Tian, X., Yan, M., and Zhang, Z. (2018, January 22\u201327). Detection the expansion of marine aquaculture in Sansha Bay by remote sensing. Proceedings of the IGARSS 2018-2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Valencia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2018.8519028"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"800","article-title":"Morphological image analysis: Principles and applications. Springer","volume":"28","author":"Soille","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sens. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2004). Division of Marine Functions in Shandong Province, Government, S.P.P.s."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"42","article-title":"1:250000 base map compilation for sea function division of Shandong province using remote sensing and gis technology as a tool","volume":"27","author":"Liancheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2015.09.004","article-title":"A comparison of marine spatial planning approaches in China: Marine functional zoning and the marine ecological red line","volume":"62","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7365","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8365","article-title":"Marine foods sourced from farther as their use of global ocean primary production increases","volume":"6","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2013.06.011","article-title":"The co-location of offshore windfarms and decapod fisheries in the UK: Constraints and opportunities","volume":"43","author":"Hooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"549","article-title":"A global assessment of offshore mariculture potential from a spatial perspective","volume":"I","author":"Kapetsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"FAO Fish. Aquac. Tech. Pap."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2019.02.055","article-title":"Implementing marine functional zoning in China","volume":"132","author":"Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2007.00861.x","article-title":"Linking terrestrial and marine conservation planning and threats analysis","volume":"22","author":"Tallis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"429","article-title":"Integrated coastal reserve planning: Making the land-sea connection","volume":"3","author":"Stoms","year":"2005","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144702","article-title":"Integrated land-sea conservation planning: The missing links","volume":"42","author":"Jorge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/1523908X.2012.662382","article-title":"From the land to sea and back again? Using terrestrial planning to understand the process of marine spatial planning","volume":"14","author":"Kidd","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Policy Plan."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2010.01.009","article-title":"The value of marine biodiversity to the leisure and recreation industry and its application to marine spatial planning","volume":"34","author":"Rees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Pol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.07.029","article-title":"Toward an integrated understanding of perceived biodiversity values and environmental conditions in a national park","volume":"72","author":"Kyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.1999.11416861","article-title":"An introduction to geographical information systems","volume":"16","author":"Mulik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Iete Tech. Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anzidei, M., Scicchitano, G., Scardino, G., Bignami, C., Tolomei, C., Vecchio, A., Serpelloni, E., De Santis, V., Monaco, C., and Milella, M. (2021). Relative sea-level rise scenario for 2100 along the coast of South Eastern Sicily (Italy) by InSAR data, satellite images and high-resolution topography. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-egu21-2889"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"81","article-title":"Combining airborne laser scanning data and optical satellite data for classification of alpine vegetation","volume":"27","author":"Reese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.11.023","article-title":"Subalpine zone delineation using LiDAR and Landsat imagery","volume":"119","author":"Wulder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonioli, F., De Falco, G., Lo Presti, V., Moretti, L., Scardino, G., Anzidei, M., Bonaldo, D., Carniel, S., Leoni, G., and Furlani, S. (2020). Relative sea-level rise and potential submersion risk for 2100 on 16 coastal plains of the Mediterranean sea. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12082173"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/732\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:14:01Z","timestamp":1760134441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14030732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14030732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]}}}