{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:57:07Z","timestamp":1762642627310,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC0500502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0500502"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31570451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Science &amp; Technology Special Program of Inner Mongolia","award":["2021ZD0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ecosystem services (ESs) provided by dryland regions are very vulnerable to environmental dynamics and management transformation, and it is still unclear how these services will be affected by the combined effects of accelerated climate variability and land-use changes at a regional macro level. In this study, the status, patterns and trends of ESs provided by the Xilingol steppe were quantitatively evaluated, and the impact of climate and land-use change on ESs were discussed. The results showed that favorable climatic conditions and the implementation of ecological policies had a substantial positive impact on regional vegetation restoration during 2000\u20132015. As a result of the vegetation greening, water retention and carbon sequestration increased significantly at rates of 16.01 m3 ha\u22121 and 1.75 g C m\u22122 yr\u22121, respectively. Soil loss caused by wind erosion, an ecosystem disservice, decreased significantly at a rate of \u22120.57 t ha\u22121 yr\u22121. Although several environmental factors had differing impacts on the ESs changes in the subregions, including the meadow, typical and desert steppes, the main factors that contributed to the enhancement of overall ESs benefits were the climatic humidification and the reduced grazing pressure in the entire study area. The above conclusion shows that, in the era of climate change, the implementation of sustainable farming\u2013pastoral strategies can realize a \u201cwin-win\u201d situation between ecological restoration and socioeconomic development in arid and semi-arid steppes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:38:40Z","timestamp":1644179920000},"page":"738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhanced Ecosystem Services in China\u2019s Xilingol Steppe during 2000\u20132015: Towards Sustainable Agropastoralism Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Huashun","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Jirui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Yuqiang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). 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