{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:52:44Z","timestamp":1760151164579,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ap 243\/1\u20102","Na 783\/5\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ap 243\/1\u20102","Na 783\/5\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The monitoring of species and functional diversity is of increasing relevance for the development of strategies for the conservation and management of biodiversity. Therefore, reliable estimates of the performance of monitoring techniques across taxa become important. Using a unique dataset, this study investigates the potential of airborne LiDAR-derived variables characterizing vegetation structure as predictors for animal species richness at the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. To disentangle the structural LiDAR information from co-factors related to elevational vegetation zones, LiDAR-based models were compared to the predictive power of elevation models. 17 taxa and 4 feeding guilds were modeled and the standardized study design allowed for a comparison across the assemblages. Results show that most taxa (14) and feeding guilds (3) can be predicted best by elevation with normalized RMSE values but only for three of those taxa and two of those feeding guilds the difference to other models is significant. Generally, modeling performances between different models vary only slightly for each assemblage. For the remaining, structural information at most showed little additional contribution to the performance. In summary, LiDAR observations can be used for animal species prediction. However, the effort and cost of aerial surveys are not always in proportion with the prediction quality, especially when the species distribution follows zonal patterns, and elevation information yields similar results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T23:42:20Z","timestamp":1644363740000},"page":"786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Potential of Airborne LiDAR Derived Vegetation Structure for the Prediction of Animal Species Richness at Mount Kilimanjaro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8613-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstra\u00dfe 12, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstra\u00dfe 2, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}]},{"given":"Insa","family":"Otte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Oswald-K\u00fclpe-Weg 86, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marcell K.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Appelhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstra\u00dfe 12, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Behler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"B\u00f6hning-Gaese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Stra\u00dfe 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Classen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2755-5332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Detsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstra\u00dfe 12, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4211-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstra\u00dfe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Connal D.","family":"Eardley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Stefan W.","family":"Ferger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Gebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Z\u00fcrcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6869-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Museum of Natural History, Department of Entomology, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Helbig-Bonitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstra\u00dfe 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9170-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Hemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Kakengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha P.O. Box 661, Tanzania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia V.","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Ngereza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Animal Ecology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Stra\u00dfe 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"National Museum of Tanzania, 06 Shaaban Robert Street, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 511, Tanzania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7476-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Reudenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstra\u00dfe 12, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-2700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane","family":"R\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Animal Ecology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Stra\u00dfe 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1747-1506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Schellenberger Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9426-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Schleuning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Ssymank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Konstantinstr. 110, 53179 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ingolf","family":"Steffan-Dewenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Tardanico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Tschapka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Anc\u00f3n, PAnama City P.O. Box 0843-03092, Panama"}]},{"given":"Maximilian G. R.","family":"Vollst\u00e4dt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"W\u00f6llauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstra\u00dfe 12, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2599-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Animal Ecology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Stra\u00dfe 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Nauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstra\u00dfe 12, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704949114","article-title":"Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines","volume":"114","author":"Ceballos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. 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