{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:50:23Z","timestamp":1775667023595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971332; 61631019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971332; 61631019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a deep learning architecture, dubbed Plug-and-play 2D ADMM-Net (PAN), by combining model-driven deep networks and data-driven deep networks for effective high-resolution 2D inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging with various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and incomplete data scenarios. First, a sparse observation model of 2D ISAR imaging is established, and a 2D ADMM algorithm is presented. On this basis, using the plug and play (PnP) technique, PnP 2D ADMM is proposed, by combining the 2D ADMM algorithm and the deep denoising network DnCNN. Then, we unroll and generalize the PnP 2D ADMM to the PAN architecture, in which all adjustable parameters in the reconstruction layers, denoising layers, and multiplier update layers are learned by end-to-end training through back-propagation. Experimental results showed that the PAN with a single parameter set can achieve noise-robust ISAR imaging with superior reconstruction performance on incomplete simulated and measured data under different SNRs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T03:52:27Z","timestamp":1644810747000},"page":"901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High-Resolution ISAR Imaging Based on Plug-and-Play 2D ADMM-Net"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9283-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueru","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1392-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2014.110545","article-title":"Three-dimensional precession feature extraction of space targets","volume":"50","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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