{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T14:39:47Z","timestamp":1771166387474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017APKP7T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017APKP7T"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ionospheric plasma density irregularities are known to play a role in the propagation of electromagnetic signals and to be one of the most important sources of disturbance for the Global Navigation Satellite System, being responsible for degradation and, sometimes, interruptions of the signals received by the system. In the equatorial ionospheric F region, these plasma density irregularities, known as plasma bubbles, find the suitable conditions for their development during post-sunset hours. In recent years, important features of plasma bubbles such as their dependence on latitude, longitude, and solar and geomagnetic activities have been inferred indirectly using their magnetic signatures. Here, we study the scaling properties of both the electron density and the magnetic field inside the plasma bubbles using measurements on board the Swarm A satellite from 1 April 2014 to 31 January 2016. We show that the spectral features of plasma irregularities cannot be directly inferred from their magnetic signatures. A relation more complex than the linear one is necessary to properly describe the role played by the evolution of plasma bubbles with local time and by the development of turbulent phenomena.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T20:58:03Z","timestamp":1644872283000},"page":"918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Magnetic Field and Electron Density Scaling Properties in the Equatorial Plasma Bubbles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2708-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"De Michelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3403-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Consolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\u2014Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6096-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAF\u2014Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1836-4078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Tozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9691-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Giannattasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4070-6828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igino","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5800-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Pezzopane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9459-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Pignalberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1029\/97JA02698","article-title":"Global distribution of density irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere","volume":"103","author":"Kil","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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