{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:40:18Z","timestamp":1767339618053,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A linear mixed-effects model was used to relate crown width to height using an inventory plot as a random effect for trees in Czechia based on data from the National Forest Inventory (NFI). This model was used to estimate window size for a local maximum filter procedure (LMF) to detect individual tree tops in unmanned aerial laser scanning (ULS) point clouds of mixed species forest stands with diverse structures. Random model parameters were estimated for the study site based on several sample trees. Models calibrated with five or more samples achieved significantly better results (mean percentage error; MPE \u22120.17 for 5 samples) compared to when a fixed-effects model (MPE \u22120.62) was used. Lower performance was observed in dense stands with trees that were between 5 and 10 m in height. It was concluded that locally calibrated models predicting crown widths from tree heights might serve as a universal point of departure when searching for an optimal window size setting in LMF procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T20:58:03Z","timestamp":1644872283000},"page":"926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Individual Tree Identification in ULS Point Clouds Using a Crown Width Mixed-Effects Model Based on NFI Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Kubi\u0161ta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Forest Management Institute, N\u00e1b\u0159e\u017en\u00ed 1326, 250 01 Brand\u00fds nad Labem, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-8661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Surov\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.494184","article-title":"A Review of Methods for Automatic Individual Tree-Crown Detection and Delineation from Passive Remote Sensing","volume":"32","author":"Ke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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