{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T16:34:13Z","timestamp":1781973253904,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000118926\/16\/I-NB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000118926\/16\/I-NB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000125043 - ESA\/AO\/1-9101\/17\/I-NB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000125043 - ESA\/AO\/1-9101\/17\/I-NB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Danish Energy Agency (DANCEA)","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["759526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["759526"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The optical diameter of the surface snow grains impacts the amount of energy absorbed by the surface and therefore the onset and magnitude of surface melt. Snow grains respond to surface heating through grain metamorphism and growth. During melt, liquid water between the grains markedly increases the optical grain size, as wet snow grain clusters are optically equivalent to large grains. We present daily surface snow grain optical diameters (dopt) retrieved from the Greenland ice sheet at 1 km resolution for 2017\u20132019 using observations from Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A. The retrieved dopt are evaluated against 3 years of in situ measurements in Northeast Greenland. We show that higher dopt are indicative of surface melt as calculated from meteorological measurements at four PROMICE automatic weather stations. We deduce a threshold value of 0.64 mm in dopt allowing categorization of the days either as melting or nonmelting. We apply this simple melt detection technique in Northeast Greenland and compare the derived melting areas with the conventional passive microwave MEaSUREs melt flag for June 2019. The two flags show generally consistent evolution of the melt extent although we highlight areas where large grain diameters are strong indicators of melt but are missed by the MEaSUREs melt flag. While spatial resolution of the optical grain diameter-based melt flag is higher than passive microwave, it is hampered by clouds. Our retrieval remains suitable to study melt at a local to regional scales and could be in the future combined with passive microwave melt flags for increased coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T22:44:47Z","timestamp":1644965087000},"page":"932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Determination of the Snow Optical Grain Diameter and Snowmelt Area on the Greenland Ice Sheet Using Spaceborne Optical Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4169-8973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Vandecrux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason E.","family":"Box","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-1821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien","family":"Wehrl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7110-223X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Kokhanovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telespazio Belgium, Bratustrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1475-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghislain","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des G\u00e9osciences de l\u2019Environnement (IGE), Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5001, 38041 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Niwano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"H\u00f6rhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar-und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Katrine","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Institute, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Christian","family":"Steen-Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Institute, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1062","article-title":"Radiative forcing and albedo feedback from the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere between 1979 and 2008","volume":"4","author":"Flanner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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