{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1775119354027,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) has created partnership opportunities to increase the collection of high-resolution elevation data across the United States, eventually leading to complete coverage of high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) information from light detection and ranging (lidar) data across the entire country (interferometric synthetic aperture radar in Alaska). While 3DEP data are collected at different times and by varying producers, the assumption is that the use of the 3DEP Lidar Base Specification will provide standardized and consistent data across data collections. Another assumption is that the integration of lidar data into the seamless digital elevation models increases the accuracy of the derived products. This study tests these assumptions and updates some of the accuracy metrics that were done on previous versions of the standard products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T22:44:47Z","timestamp":1644965087000},"page":"940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["The Accuracy and Consistency of 3D Elevation Program Data: A Systematic Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2455-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Stoker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program, Reston, VA 20192, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8201-0453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Technical Operations Center, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dewberry (2022, February 02). 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(2015). 1-Meter Digital Elevation Model Specification.","DOI":"10.3133\/tm11B7"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Office of Management and Budget (OMB) (2021, September 22). Circular A-16\u2014Coordination of Geographic Information and Related Spatial Data Activities, Revised 2002, Available online: https:\/\/www.fgdc.gov\/policyandplanning\/a-16\/index_html."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Heidemann, H.K. (2018). Lidar Base Specification (Ver. 1.3, February 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, Book 11, Chap. B4."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ASPRS (2014). Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data. Photogram Eng. Remote Sens., 81, A1\u2013A26.","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.81.3.A1-A26"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gesch, D.B., Oimoen, M.J., and Evans, G.A. (2014). Accuracy Assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset, and Comparison with Other Large-Area Elevation Datasets\u2014SRTM and ASTER.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20141008"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Maune, D. (2007). Accuracy Standards and Guidelines. Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications\u2014the DEM Users Manual, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2022, January 15). NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, Available online: https:\/\/lpdaac.usgs.gov\/products\/astgtmv003\/."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"NASA JPL (2021, July 07). NASADEM Merged DEM Global 1 arc Second V001 [Data Set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/MEaSUREs\/NASADEM\/NASADEM_HGT.001."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"NASA JPL (2021, July 07). 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