{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T16:24:52Z","timestamp":1771604692336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant no. 2019YFA0606602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant no. 2019YFA0606602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant nos. 32025025 and 31988102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant nos. 32025025 and 31988102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Planted forests provide a variety of meaningful ecological functions and services, which is a major approach for ecological restoration, especially in arid areas. However, mapping planted forests with remote-sensed data remains challenging due to the similarities in canopy spectral and structure characteristics and associated phenology features between planted forests and other vegetation types. In this study, taking advantage of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and taking the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwestern China as an example, we developed an approach to map planted forests in an arid region by applying long-term features of the NDVI derived from dense Landsat time series. Our land cover map achieved a satisfactory accuracy and relatively low uncertainty, with an overall accuracy of 93.65% and a kappa value of 0.92. Specifically, the producer (PA) and user accuracies (UA) were 92.48% and 91.79% for the planted forest class, and 93.88% and 95.83% for the natural forest class, respectively. The total planted forest area was estimated as 3608.72 km2 in 2020, accounting for 20.60% of the study area. The proposed mapping approach can facilitate assessment of the restoration effects of ecological engineering and research on ecosystem services and stability of planted forests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1645047384000},"page":"961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Planted Forest Mapping Method Based on Long-Term Change Trend Features Derived from Dense Landsat Time Series in an Ecological Restoration Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]},{"given":"Caiyong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Ningxia Institute of Remote Sensing Survey, Yinchuan 750021, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7724-0473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanpei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0154-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-017-0004-x","article-title":"Increased vegetation growth and carbon stock in China karst via ecological engineering","volume":"1","author":"Tong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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