{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T13:50:40Z","timestamp":1776347440340,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41774195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41774195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42074042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42104032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R&amp;amp; D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology)","award":["GYHY201306063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYHY201306063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>FengYun-3E (FY3E), launched on 5 July 2021, is one of China\u2019s polar-orbiting meteorological satellite series. The GNOS II onboard FY3E is an operational GNSS remote sensor that for the first time combines GNSS radio occultation (GNSS RO) and GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R). It has eight reflection channels that can track eight specular points at the same time, receiving reflected signals from multiple GNSS systems, including GPS, BeiDou and Galileo. The basic GNSS-R output generated by GNOS II is a 122 \u00d7 20 non-uniform delay-Doppler map whose high resolution portion captures more information near the specular point. This paper introduces the GNSS-R aspect of the FengYun-3E GNOS II, including the instrument, power calibration and wind speed retrieval algorithm. Preliminary validation results for its first four months of data are also presented. After preliminary quality control, the overall wind speed error is less than 2 m\/s at wind speeds below 20 m\/s for data from both GPS satellites and BeiDou satellites when compared to the ECMWF reanalysis winds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1645129601000},"page":"988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["FY3E GNOS II GNSS Reflectometry: Mission Review and First Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guanglin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7115-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Yueqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xianjun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Junming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6888-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feixiong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Qifei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Xianyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Yuerong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4132-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangguang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Congliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"A passive reflectometry and interferometry system (PARIS): 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