{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:18:37Z","timestamp":1776395917005,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An earthquake of moderate magnitude (MW 6.1) occurred in Yangbi County, Dali, Yunnan Province, China, on 21 May 2021. Compared to strong earthquakes, the measurement of the deformation fields of moderate earthquakes is more susceptible to errors associated with atmospheric, orbital, and topographic features. We adopted a new time-series InSAR method to process preseismic and postseismic Sentinel-1A SAR time-series images and separated the coseismic deformation signals from various error signals. This method uses preseismic time-series interferograms to estimate the spatially correlated look angle error induced by the digital elevation model and the atmospheric and orbital errors in the master image. The preseismic and postseismic time-series interferograms were then segmented for spatio-temporal filtering to provide a precise estimate of the atmospheric and orbital errors in slave images. Such time-series processing accurately separates various errors from the coseismic deformation signal and prevents the coseismic deformation signal from being included as noise in the error estimation during filtering. Based on this approach, we effectively eliminated the masking of the deformation signal by the errors and extracted coseismic deformation field of the Yangbi MW 6.1 earthquake with high precision. The maximum LOS displacement in the ascending and descending tracks were determined to be \u221274 and \u221262 mm, respectively. Subsequently, we used the Geodetic Bayesian Inversion Software to invert the fault geometric parameters of this earthquake, and based on this inverted the rupture slip distribution using the least-squares method. The results showed that the fault orientation is 133.43\u00b0, dip angle is 76.98\u00b0, source depth is 5.5 km, fault sliding mode is right-lateral strike-slip. The moment magnitude (MW) was calculated to be 6.07.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14041017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:23:29Z","timestamp":1645431809000},"page":"1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Coseismic Deformation Field Extraction and Fault Slip Inversion of the 2021 Yangbi MW 6.1 Earthquake, Yunnan Province, Based on Time-Series InSAR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3489-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5898-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanhua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"},{"name":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7919-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-3062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geological Engineering and Surveying and Mapping, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/364138a0","article-title":"The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry","volume":"364","author":"Massonnet","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03425","article-title":"Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam, Iran, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit","volume":"435","author":"Fialko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.268.5215.1333","article-title":"Surface Displacement of the 17 May 1993 Eureka Valley, California, Earthquake Observed by SAR Interferometry","volume":"268","author":"Peltzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1109\/36.868878","article-title":"Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry","volume":"38","author":"Ferretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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