{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T05:27:07Z","timestamp":1773984427311,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFE0133500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFE0133500"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41806072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41806072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qingdao Science and Technology Bureau project- Development of Green Tide Disaster Prediction System in Qingdao Sea Area","award":["19-6-1-77-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-6-1-77-nsh"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M652467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M652467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Amazon River has the highest discharge in the world. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of the research on the interaction between river-diluted water and the ocean. This study used the remote sensing data (2008\u20132017) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Aqua satellite, and data of the currents, wind fields, sea surface temperature, and water depth. The river\u2013sea interaction off the Amazon estuary was studied by analyzing the diffusion of river-diluted water and the distribution of surface suspended particulate matter (SPM). The results revealed that the Amazon estuary has a \u201cfilter effect,\u201d whereby the distribution of the surface SPM exhibited significant spatial characteristics of being high in the nearshore area and low in the offshore area. Most of the SPM accumulated within the estuary in a fan shape, although some was distributed in the shallow water region of the continental shelf along the coasts on both sides of the estuary. The currents were found to limit the diffusion range of SPM. The flow direction and velocity of the North Brazil Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent, which are largely driven by the magnitude of the trade wind stress, are the main forces controlling the long-distance diffusion of diluted water, thus forming unique river\u2013sea interaction patterns in the Amazon estuary. This research provides a supplement and reference for the study of the diffusion process of SPM and river-diluted water, and on the estuarine river\u2013sea interactions of other large rivers worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14041022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:34:47Z","timestamp":1645432487000},"page":"1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The River\u2013Sea Interaction off the Amazon Estuary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Submarine Sciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1600-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shidong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Submarine Sciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7157-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Submarine Sciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Submarine Sciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Jinghao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Blue Earth Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Submarine Sciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Blue Earth Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Distributing Features and Temporal Variability of Suspended Matter Concentration in the East China Sea","volume":"46","author":"Pang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Studia Mar. 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