{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:53:11Z","timestamp":1760151191044,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2017\/25\/B\/ST10\/01650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2017\/25\/B\/ST10\/01650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of the aerosol vertical distribution on photolysis frequencies of O3 and NO2 is studied. Aerosol measurements in Raciborz (50.08\u00b0 N, 18.19\u00b0 E), Poland, made using the CIMEL Sun photometer and collocated CHM-15k \u201cNimbus\u201d ceilometer are analyzed for the period 2015\u20132020. Vertical profiles of the aerosol extinction are derived from the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP) algorithm combining the ceilometer measurements of the aerosol backscattering coefficient with the collocated CIMEL measurements of the columnar characteristics of aerosols. The photolysis frequencies are calculated at the three levels in the lower troposphere (the surface and 0.5 and 2 km above the surface) using a radiative transfer model, Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV), for various settings of aerosol optical properties in the model input. The importance of the aerosol vertical distribution on photolysis frequencies is inferred by analyzing statistics of the differences between the output of the model, including the extinction profile from the GRASP algorithm, and the default TUV model (based on columnar aerosol characteristics by the CIMEL Sun photometer and Elterman\u2019s extinction profile). For model levels above the surface, standard deviation, 2.5th percentile, 97.5th percentile, and the extremes, calculated from relative differences between these input settings, are comparable with the pertaining statistical values for the input pair providing changes of photolysis frequencies only due to the variability of the columnar aerosol characteristics. This indicates that the vertical properties of aerosols affect the distribution of the photolysis frequencies in the lower troposphere on a similar scale to that due to variations in columnar aerosol characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T22:35:00Z","timestamp":1645569300000},"page":"1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Vertical Profiles of Aerosols on the Photolysis Rates in the Lower Troposphere from the Synergy of Photometer and Ceilometer Measurements in Raciborz, Poland, for the Period 2015\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Pietruczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3099-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alnilam","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Szkop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3138-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Krzy\u015bcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1465-9972(99)00022-7","article-title":"The photochemical source of carbon monoxide: Importance, uncertainties and feedbacks","volume":"1","author":"Kanakidou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chemosph. Glob. Chang. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012257060-5\/50006-X","article-title":"Photochemistry of Important Atmospheric Species","volume":"4","author":"Pitts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Up. Low. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00014","article-title":"Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Manisalidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5647","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD01381","article-title":"Photolysis frequency measurements using actinic flux spectroradiometry during the PEM-Tropics mission: Instrumentation description and some results","volume":"104","author":"Shetter","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<1049:MSAFAI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Measuring spectral actinic flux and irradiance: Experimental results from","volume":"19","author":"Webb","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22305","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD017622","article-title":"Factors affecting O3 and NO2 photolysis frequencies measured in the eastern Mediterranean during the five-year period 2002\u20132006","volume":"117","author":"Gerasopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9413","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-9413-2019","article-title":"The impact of aerosols on photolysis frequencies and ozone production in Beijing during the 4-year period 2012\u20132015","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PAU 6-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD900142","article-title":"Solar actinic radiation (280\u2013420 nm) in the cloud-free troposphere between ground and 12 km altitude: Measurements and model results","volume":"107","author":"Hofzumahaus","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41012","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1885472","article-title":"Fast simulation tool for ultraviolet radiation at the earth\u2019s surface","volume":"44","author":"Kylling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-1855-2005","article-title":"Technical note: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations-Description and examples of use","volume":"5","author":"Mayer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madronich, S. (1993). The Atmosphere and UV-B Radiation at Ground Level. Environmental UV Photobiology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2406-3_1"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Shettle, E.P. (,  1989). Models of aerosols, clouds and precipitation for atmospheric propagation studies. Proceedings of the AGARD Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"49","article-title":"UV, visible and IR attenuation for alititudes to 50 km","volume":"285","author":"Elterman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Paper"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6066","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD024277","article-title":"Evaluation of simulated photolysis rates and their response to solar irradiance variability","volume":"121","author":"Sukhodolov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molero, F., Fern\u00e1ndez, A.J., Revuelta, M.A., Mart\u00ednez-Marco, I., Pujadas, M., and Art\u00ed\u00f1ano, B. (2021). Effect of Vertical Profile of Aerosols on the Local Shortwave Radiative Forcing Estimation. Atmosphere, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12020187"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D20","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003659","article-title":"Effect of clouds on photolysis and oxidants in the troposphere","volume":"108","author":"Tie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16809","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-16809-2018","article-title":"Cloud impacts on photochemistry: Building a climatology of photolysis rates from the Atmospheric Tomography mission","volume":"18","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fountoulakis, I., Natsis, A., Siomos, N., Drosoglou, T., and Bais, A.F. (2019). Deriving aerosol absorption properties from solar ultraviolet radiation spectral measurements at Thessaloniki, Greece. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201909.0049.v1"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JTECHA1016.1","article-title":"Ceilometer retrieval of the boundary layer vertical aerosol extinction structure","volume":"25","author":"Markowicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.01.016","article-title":"Impacts of aerosols on summertime tropospheric photolysis frequencies and photochemistry over Central Eastern China","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-1711-2011","article-title":"Modeling of photolysis rates over Europe: Impact on chemical gaseous species and aerosols","volume":"11","author":"Real","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10983","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-10983-2015","article-title":"Influence of the aerosol solar extinction on photochemistry during the 2010 Russian wildfires episode","volume":"15","author":"Bessagnet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696813","article-title":"Modelling radiation quantities and photolysis frequencies in the troposphere","volume":"18","author":"Ruggaber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23697","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900409","article-title":"Effects of aerosols on tropospheric photolysis rates in clear and cloudy atmospheres","volume":"104","author":"Liao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD003236","article-title":"Actinic flux determination from measurements of irradiance","volume":"108","author":"Kylling","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"156","article-title":"On the Atmospheric Transmission of Sun Radiation and on Dust in the Air","volume":"11","year":"1929","journal-title":"Geogr. Ann."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5339.827","article-title":"The impact of aerosols on solar ultraviolet radiation and photochemical smog","volume":"278","author":"Dickerson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00031-5","article-title":"AERONET-A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization","volume":"66","author":"Holben","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2020.01.0013","article-title":"The Role of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Meteorology during High Pollution Periods at a Suburban Background Station in Southern Poland","volume":"20","author":"Mathews","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016039","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.11.016039","article-title":"Analysis of aerosol transport over southern Poland in August 2015 based on a synergy of remote sensing and backward trajectory techniques","volume":"11","author":"Szkop","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8450","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2019.1612117","article-title":"Synergy of satellite-based aerosol optical thickness analysis and trajectory statistics for determination of aerosol source regions","volume":"40","author":"Szkop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goloub, P., Li, Z., Dubovik, O., Blarel, L., Podvin, T., Jankowiak, I., Lecoq, R., Deroo, C., Chatenet, B., and Morel, J.P. (2008, January 22). In Proceedings of the PHOTONS\/AERONET Sunphotometer Network Overview: Description, Activities, Results, Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.783171"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-3375-2020","article-title":"The AERONET Version 3 aerosol retrieval algorithm, associated uncertainties and comparisons to Version 2","volume":"13","author":"Sinyuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"(2021, December 15). AERONET Data Download Tool, Available online: https:\/\/aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/cgi-bin\/webtool_inv_v3."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2021, December 15). AERONET Data Download Tool, Available online: https:\/\/aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/cgi-bin\/webtool_aod_v3."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.10.015","article-title":"Aerosol scattering and absorption Angstr\u00f6m exponents as indicators of dust and dust-free days over Granada (Spain)","volume":"154","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, A., Pietruczuk, A., Szkop, A., and Krzy\u015bcin, J. (2021). Aerosol Layering in the Free Troposphere over the Industrial City of Raciborz in Southwest Poland and Its Influence on Surface UV Radiation. Atmosphere, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12070812"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2021, December 15). CHM 15k Datasheet. Available online: http:\/\/cedadocs.ceda.ac.uk\/1243\/1\/CHM15k_Datasheet.pdf."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-1953-2012","article-title":"Aerosol profiling with the Jenoptik ceilometer CHM15kx","volume":"5","author":"Wiegner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-4-975-2011","article-title":"Statistically optimized inversion algorithm for enhanced retrieval of aerosol properties from spectral multi-angle polarimetric satellite observations","volume":"4","author":"Dubovik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubovik, O., Lapyonok, T., Litvinov, P., Herman, M., Fuertes, D., Ducos, F., Torres, B., Derimian, Y., Huang, X., and Lopatin, A. (2014). GRASP: A versatile algorithm for characterizing the atmosphere. SPIE Newsroom, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.","DOI":"10.1117\/2.1201408.005558"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou, Y., Li, L., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Dubovik, O., Derimian, Y., Chen, C., Fuertes, D., Xie, Y., and Lopatin, A. (2021). Spatio-Temporal Variability of Aerosol Components, Their Optical and Microphysical Properties over North China during Winter Haze in 2012, as Derived from POLDER\/PARASOL Satellite Observations. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13142682"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13409","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-13409-2019","article-title":"Retrieval of aerosol components directly from satellite and ground-based measurements","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-2065-2013","article-title":"Enhancement of aerosol characterization using synergy of lidar and sun-photometer coincident observations: The GARRLiC algorithm","volume":"6","author":"Lopatin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-14-2575-2021","article-title":"Synergy processing of diverse ground-based remote sensing and in situ data using the GRASP algorithm: Applications to radiometer, lidar and radiosonde observations","volume":"14","author":"Lopatin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2018.01.021","article-title":"Retrieval of aerosol profiles combining sunphotometer and ceilometer measurements in GRASP code","volume":"204","author":"Lopatin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-3255-2019","article-title":"Retrieval of aerosol properties from ceilometer and photometer measurements: Long-term evaluation with in situ data and statistical analysis at Montsec (southern Pyrenees)","volume":"12","author":"Titos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0758.1","article-title":"The modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2)","volume":"30","author":"Gelaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(2002)059<0461:TAOTFT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GOCART model and comparisons with satellite and sun photometer measurements","volume":"59","author":"Chin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14207","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD012820","article-title":"Online simulations of global aerosol distributions in the NASA GEOS-4 model and comparisons to satellite and ground-based aerosol optical depth","volume":"115","author":"Colarco","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6851","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0613.1","article-title":"The MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis, 1980 onward. Part II: Evaluation and case studies","volume":"30","author":"Buchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6823","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0609.1","article-title":"The MERRA-2 aerosol reanalysis, 1980 onward. Part I: System description and data assimilation evaluation","volume":"30","author":"Randles","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD020046","article-title":"Impact of radiatively interactive dust aerosols in the NASA GEOS-5 climate model: Sensitivity to dust particle shape and refractive index","volume":"119","author":"Colarco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2010.02.008","article-title":"Single-scattering properties of tri-axial ellipsoidal mineral dust aerosols: A database for application to radiative transfer calculations","volume":"41","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0831:OPOAAC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds: The Software Package OPAC","volume":"79","author":"Hess","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Bohren, C.F., and Huffman, D.R. (1993). Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, John Wiley."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) (2021, December 15). MERRA-2 inst3_3d_aer_Nv: 3d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Model-Level,Assimilation,Aerosol Mixing Ratio V5.12.4, Available online: https:\/\/disc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/datasets\/M2I3NVAER_5.12.4\/summary."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) (2021, December 15). MERRA-2 inst3_3d_asm_Np: 3d,3-Hourly,Instantaneous,Pressure-Level,Assimilation,Assimilated Meteorological Fields V5.12.4, Available online: https:\/\/disc.gsfc.nasa.gov\/datasets\/M2I3NPASM_5.12.4\/summary."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"(2021, December 15). Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV) Radiation Model|Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling (ACOM). Available online: https:\/\/www2.acom.ucar.edu\/modeling\/tropospheric-ultraviolet-and-visible-tuv-radiation-model."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9740","DOI":"10.1029\/JD092iD08p09740","article-title":"Photodissociation in the atmosphere: 1. Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds","volume":"92","author":"Madronich","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/5\/1057\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:24:50Z","timestamp":1760135090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/5\/1057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14051057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14051057","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]}}}