{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:53:25Z","timestamp":1760151205041,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the Central Himalayas, glaciers and snowmelt play an important hydrological role, as they ensure the availability of surface water outside the monsoon period. To compensate for the lack of field measurements in glaciology and hydrology, high temporal and spatial resolution optical remotely sensed data are necessary. The French\u2013Israeli VEN\u00b5S Earth observation mission has been able to complement field measurements since 2017. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of different reflectance products over the Everest region for constraining the energy balance of glaciers and for cloud and snow cover mapping applied to hydrology. Firstly, the results indicate that a complete radiometric correction of slope effects such as the Gamma one (direct and diffuse illumination) provides better temporal and statistical metrics (R2 = 0.73 and RMSE = 0.11) versus ground albedo datasets than a single cosine correction, even processed under a fine-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Secondly, a mixed spectral-textural approach on the VEN\u00b5S images strongly improves the cloud mapping by 15% compared with a spectral mask thresholding process. These findings will improve the accuracy of snow cover mapping over the watershed areas downstream of the Everest region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:53:26Z","timestamp":1645664006000},"page":"1098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Processing of VEN\u00b5S Images of High Mountains: A Case Study for Cryospheric and Hydro-Climatic Applications in the Everest Region (Nepal)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00e9","family":"Bessin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Ocean Laboratory (LGO), University Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, UMR 6538, 29280 Plouzan\u00e9, France"},{"name":"LETG-Brest, University Brest, CNRS, UMR 6554, 29280 Plouzan\u00e9, France"},{"name":"Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), University Grenoble-Alpes\/CNRS\/IRD\/Grenoble-INP, 38058 Grenoble, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Dedieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), University Grenoble-Alpes\/CNRS\/IRD\/Grenoble-INP, 38058 Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0344-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Arnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), University Grenoble-Alpes\/CNRS\/IRD\/Grenoble-INP, 38058 Grenoble, France"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Wagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), University Grenoble-Alpes\/CNRS\/IRD\/Grenoble-INP, 38058 Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6607-0667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), University Grenoble-Alpes\/CNRS\/IRD\/Grenoble-INP, 38058 Grenoble, France"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), University Grenoble-Alpes\/CNRS\/IRD\/Grenoble-INP, 38058 Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baker","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1822-y","article-title":"Importance and vulnerability of the world\u2019s water towers","volume":"577","author":"Immerzeel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabf3668","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3668","article-title":"Glaciohydrology of the Himalaya-Karakoram","volume":"373","author":"Azam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1240-1","article-title":"Asia\u2019s shrinking glaciers protect large populations from drought stress","volume":"569","author":"Pritchard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.10.040","article-title":"Water budget on the Dudh Koshi River (Nepal): Uncertainties on precipitation","volume":"531","author":"Delclaux","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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