{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:09:57Z","timestamp":1775146197361,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/V012126\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V012126\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R513313\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R513313\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Developments in the portability of low-cost hyperspectral imaging instruments translate to significant benefits to agricultural industries and environmental monitoring applications. These advances can be further explicated by removing the need for complex post-processing and calibration. We propose a method for substantially increasing the utility of portable hyperspectral imaging. Vertical and horizontal spatial distortions introduced into images by \u2018operator shake\u2019 are corrected by an in-scene reference card with two spatial references. In situ light-source-independent spectral calibration is performed. This is achieved by a comparison of the ground-truth spectral reflectance of an in-scene red\u2013green\u2013blue target to the uncalibrated output of the hyperspectral data. Finally, bias introduced into the hyperspectral images due to the non-flat spectral output of the illumination is removed. This allows for low-skilled operation of a truly handheld, low-cost hyperspectral imager for agriculture, environmental monitoring, or other visible hyperspectral imaging applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1645994913000},"page":"1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Image Correction and In Situ Spectral Calibration for Low-Cost, Smartphone Hyperspectral Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3486-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary B.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4661-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J. S.","family":"McGonigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4242-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon R.","family":"Willmott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2011.04.008","article-title":"Hyperspectral image analysis for water stress detection of apple trees","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ad\u00e3o, T., Hru\u0161ka, J., P\u00e1dua, L., Bessa, J., Peres, E., Morais, R., and Sousa, J.J. (2017). 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